Electrical C

September, ****

Charles Linder

Curriculum Vitae and List of Publications

Personal Details

Military Service: Reserve duty 1980 to 1991

Work address/telephone

The Institutes of Applied Research

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

P.O. Box 653

Beer Sheva, Israel 84105

08 647 7185

E-mail *******@*******.***.**.**

Home address/telephone

Sderot Chen 57

Rehovot Israel 76469

08-9473 102

Education:

B.Sc. in Chemistry 1960 to 1964 Brooklyn College of the City University of New York- Chemistry Department

M.Sc. in Organic Physical Chemistry 1965 to 1968- Brooklyn College of the City University of New York- Physical Organic Chemistry Department - Advisor: Professor N. Indictor Thesis- Kinetic Study of the Decomposition of Organic Peroxides in the Presence of Transition Metal Complexes

Ph.D. in Polymer Chemistry 1969 to 1973- Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn – Chemistry/Chemical Engineering Departments, Advisor Professor I. Miller,-Thesis- Electrical Properties of Polymeric Materials, with High Electrical Charge Storage Capacity

Employment History

1998 to present

Researcher [Grade A]

The Institutes for Applied Research of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

Research and development in polymer chemistry/ materials, membranes for pressure and electrically driven processes, water recycling, desalination, microencapsulation of pesticides, and nano-vesicles for controlled targeted release of drugs.

1976 to 1997

R&D Manager

Membrane Products Kiryat Weizmann (MPW), Rehovot Israel

R&D Manager responsible for the initiation, invention and development of commercially successful membranes, gels for electrophoresis, controlled slow release formulations for active ingredients and test kits for use in chemical production, biotechnology and waste treatment.

1972 – 1975

Senior Scientist

Hoffmann LaRoche, Nutley,NJ

Development of slow and rapid release oral dosage forms of Valium and Librium.

Synthesis of novel narcotic antagonists and their formulation in slow release biodegradable depots. Developement of liposomes for dermal medication.

Awards:

The Weizmann Institute of Science 1991 H.Dudley Wright Achievement Prize, For the Contribution of Membrane Research to the Greater Good of Mankind .

Fields of Interest:

-Polymeric materials and chemistry,

-New membrane developed for electrochemical systems (batteries capacitors,fuel cells), water purifaction and desalination, industrial process,

-Targeted controlled release systems: microencapsulation and vesicles/liposomes

Career Achievements

In the last three years, at The Institutes of Applied Research- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,I have worked on projects in micro encapsulation, development of unique sulfate permeable asymmetric mosaic membranes for nanofiltration permeable, improved chemically stable nanofiltration (NF) (with BioPure Technology, Ltd), ion exchange membranes for electrodialysis, and novel vesicles for targeted controlled release. The highlights of these activities are:

Development of low molecular weight cutoff nanofiltration membranes with sulfate permeability. Because of the wide spread industrial use of sulfuric acid, an important unmet challenge in membrane science, is a one step concentration/purification of low molecular weight organic solutes (

Electrodialysis would be the best processes for many important applications if system cost, fouling and polarization problems could be further minimized. Towards this goal we further studied electrically driven membrane processes, and developed new polymeric coatings for heterogenous ion exchange membranes which reduced polarization, fouling and increased selectivity (2, 49, 51). Surface modifications of spacer materials were also developed to lower polarization and increase productivity.

Developed a new approach to nanofiltration (NF) membranes for improved selectivity and chemical stability. These membranes became the basis of an on going European project Recycling Chemicals, Energy and Water from Aggressive Waste Water Streams with Novel Modified Nanofiltration (NF) Membranes [RENOMEN], with nine partners form Italy, Finland, Germany and Israel. The membranes under development already shows better caustic base stability than the state of art.

I initiate with others a project to overcome the current limitations to controlled targeted release, in human pharmacology. This work has led to the development of novel fatty acid derivatives for preparing very small nano-vesicles with complex surface structures. After post modification the vesicles are essentially stable hollow macromolecules with a predetermined complex surface topology. One unique feature of these vesicles is that even at 20 nm diameters, they are stable against aggregation, their membrane has both bulk and surface stability, and a high encapsulation efficiency (14). These vesicles are now being developed for controlled targeted drug delivery, together with the Medical School of Ben Gurion University.

From 1976 to 1997 I was responsible for the initiation, and invention of membranes, gels and selective barriers for applications in chemical production, biotechnology and waste treatment.

For example: A first development and commercial success, in the early 1980s, were novel highly selective nanofiltration membranes based on crosslinked amphoteric coatings on asymmetric ultrafiltration supports (37-41,46). These membranes rapidly became acepted in the dye industry for carrying out simultaneous purifications and concentrations. The membranes had both high rejections (99+%) to dyes (MW 300 to 1000) and negative salt rejections(-50 to –100%). These characteristics greatly simplified and lowered production, cost while solving an ecological problem by eliminating colored waste streams (4, 60-62).

Inspite of their superior properties and use in dye manufacturing, these membranes were still not sufficiently stable or of high enough flux for many applications in the chemical industry. For these applications the following were developed:

a)To answer the need of high through-put for chemical waste treatment we developed high flux, very selective composite NF based on interfacial polymerization (29,30). In addition to high flux, these membranes were resistant to fouling, and were chosen by Ciba-Giegy and others to treat chemical waste streams.

b) For the large markets of caustic and acid recycling acid/base stable selective nanofiltration membranes were initiated and developed (12,31).

c) For use of nanofiltration (NF) in solvent streams it was necessary to develop solvent stable ultrafiltration supports. While many approaches were available for such membranes, achieving an inexpensive UF solvent stable support was critical. This was accomplished, and used to make solvent stable NF and RO, by various coating methods including interfacial polymerization ( 19-25).

These highly selective, chemically stable membranes have many uses and were widely known. They are are now used for the recycling of acids, bases, and solvents in different industries ( for example: Food, beverage, pharmaceurticals, etc) (4, 53-61).

This work on selective, chemically stable membranes was awarded (together with Dr. M. Perry) The Weizmann Institute of Science 1991 H.Dudley Wright Achievement Prize, For the Contribution of Membrane Research to the Greater Good of Mankind .

Protein purification and identification is an important issue for drug development. The currently used polyacrylamide gels can be used to separate relatively low molecular weight proteins but the resolution for higher molecular weights is poor. For applications needing improved resolution of very large proteins and their complexes we developed non- sieving buffered gels for electrophoresis, and immobilized pH gradients (IPG). Significantly better resolutions were achieved than with state of art polyacrylamide gels (15-17). Their large pore sizes and nonsieving properties make these new gels, good candidates for the resolution and identification of microorganisms.

Two additional highlights: The discovery of a new class of chemical reactions and compounds, which have been tested for biological activity by Ciba-Geigy and Bayer (44). One of these compounds went through extensive large-scale field tests as a rice herbicide in Japan. And the development of slow release formulations for veterinary use based on micro encapsulation (5,47).

Scientific Publications:

Refereed Articles in Scientific Journals

C. Linder and Ora Kedem Asymmetric ion exchange mosaic membranes with unique selectivity Journal of Membrane Science 181 (2001) 39-56 I. Rubinstein, B. Zaltzman, J. Peretz and C Linder, Experimental verification of the electro-osmotic mechanism of overlimiting conductance through a cation exchange membrane in Russ. Electrochemistry (In press), 2001.Y. Shabtai, S. Chaimovitz, A. Freeman, E. Katchalski-Katzir, C. Linder, M. Nemas, M. Perry, and O. Kedem, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol 38, Pp 869-876 (1991), Continuous Ethanol Production by Immobilized Yeast Reactor Coupled with Membrane Pervaporation Unit M. Perry and C. Linder, Desalination, 71, 233-245, (1989). Intermediate Reverse Osmosis Ultrafiltration Membranes for the Concentrations And Desalting of Low molecular weight organic Species .C. Linder and G. Ziv, Journal Vet. Pharmacological Therapeutics 6, 33-40, (1983). Encapsulated Forms of Slow Release Dry Cow Products of Rapidly Absorbed Antibiotics .C. Linder and J. Fishman, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 16, 553-556, (1973) Narcotic Antagonists I-Isomeric Sulfate and Acetate Esters of Naloxone (N-allylnoroxymorphone .C. Linder, I. Miller, Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Chemical Edition, Vol 11, 1119-1130 (1973). The Effect of Tacticity and Morphology on the Formation and Stabilization of Persistent Electrical Polarization in Polar Polymer Membranes .C. Linder and I Miller, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 76, pp 3434-3445, (1972), Persistent Electrical Polarization in Polyelectrolyte Membranes .C. Linder and I. Miller, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 120, No. 4, 498-503, (1973), The Coexistence of Persistent Electrical Polarization and Electrical Conductivity in Polyelectrolyte Membranes .N. Indictor, C. Linder, Journal of Polymer Science, Pt. A-1, 5, 1101 (1967) Styrene Polymerisation via Hydroperoxide-Metalacetylacetonate Catalysts .N. Indictor, C. Linder, Journal of Polymer Science. Pt. A3(10), 3668 (1965) Olefinic-Hydroxide-Metal Acetylacetonate Interactions

Patents

C. Linder, M. Nemas, and R. Katraro, US 6086764( 2001) + world wide patents Semipermeable encapsulated membranes with improved acid and base stability: process for their manufacture and their use .R. Katraro, C. Linder, M. Nemas, US 6077376 (2001) + world wide patents Process for Producing a Tubular Membrane Assembly . S. Grinberg, C. Linder, Z. Weizman, and V. Kolot : US patent application Jan 2001, Fatty acid derivatives useful in vesicle preparation .C. Linder, M. Nemas, M. Perry, R. Katraro, US Patent 5,430,099, July 4, 1996 + world wide patents, Immobilized Buffered Gels and Membranes of Hydroxy Groups Containing Polymers .C. Linder, M. Nemas, M. Perry, R. Katraro, US patent 5,597,863, Jan 28, 1997, Immobilized Buffered Gels and Membranes of Hydroxy Groups Containing Polymers .C. Linder, M. Nemas, M. Perry, R. Katraro, US patent 5,599,506, Feb 4, 1997, Immobilized Buffered Gels and Membranes of Hydroxy Groups Containing Polymers .R. Katraro, C. Linder, M. Nemas, Israel Patent application 115,941, Nov 16, 1995, and worldwide patents Multistage Membrane System and Process .C. Linder, M Nemas, M. Perry, R. Katraro, US patent 5,265,735 Nov 30, 1993. Silicone Derived Solvent Stable Membranes + world wide patentsC. Linder, M. Nemas, M. Perry, R. Katraro US patent 5,049,282 Sept 17, 1991 Semi permeable Composite Membranes + world wide patentsC. Linder, M. Nemas, M. Perry, R. Katraro, US patent 5, 039,421, Aug 13, 1991, Solvent Stable Membranes + world wide patentsC. Linder, M. Nemas, M. Perry, R. Katraro, US patent 5, 032, 282, July 16, 1991, Solvent Stable Semi permeable Composite Membranes + world wide patentsC. Linder, M. Nemas, M. Perry, R. Katraro, US patent 5,028,337, July 2, 1991 Coated Membranes C. Linder M. Nemas M. Perry, R. Katraro, US patent 5,024,765 June 18, 1991. Composite Membranes and Processes for Using Them M. Perry, H. Yacubowicz, C. Linder, M.Nemas, R. Katraro, US patent 5,151,182 September 29, 1992, Polyphenylene Oxide- Derived Membranes for Separations in Organic Solvents. C. Linder, M. Perry, M. Nemas, European patent application, 0 476 875 A2, 30/8/91. Process for the purification and concentration of biologically active materials. C. Linder and M. Nemas, M Perry, R. Katraro, European Patent Application 0489693 A1, 29/11/91 Charged Asymmetric Mosaic Membranes + US patentC. Linder and M. Nemas, M. Perry and R, Katraro, Patent Application GB-A-2233248, June 7, 1989, Enantiomer Enrichment by Membrane Processes .C. Linder, G. Aviv, M. Perry and R. Katraro, US patent 4, 833,014, and 1989. Composite amphoteric membranes useful for the separation of organic compounds of low molecular weight solutes from inorganic salt streams C. Linder, G. Aviv, M. Perry and R. Katraro, US patent 4,767,645 August 30, 1988. Composite amphoteric membranes useful for the separation of organic compounds of low molecular weight solutes from inorganic salt streams. + worldwide patents.C. Linder, G. Aviv, M. Perry and K. Katraro, US patent 4,778,596, Oct. 18, 1988, Semi permeable Encapsulated Membranes- Their Manufacture and Use . + World wide patentsM. Perry, R. Katraro, C. Linder, Patent Application EP 90810419.3 1989 Process and Apparatus for the removal of undesired components from aqueous feed stocks .C. Linder, G. Aviv, M. Perry, R. Katraro, US patent 4,690, 765, Sept.1, 1988, Chemically Modified Semi permeable polysulfone membranes and their use in reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration + world wide patentsC. Linder and M. Perry US patent 4 911 844 (1989), Semi permeable composite membranes and their manufacture and use. + World wide patentsC. Linder, M. Perry, R. Katraro, US patent 4,761,233, Aug 21, 1988. Novel Membranes and Process for making them.+World wide patentsC. Linder, M. Perry, M.Nemas, R. Katraro, Is Patent Application No. 8434, 1988 Ion Transport Selective Membranes C. Linder, G. Aviv, M. Perry, R. Katraro, US patent 4,690,766, Sept 1, 1987, Chemically Modified Semi permeable polysulfone membranes and their use in reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration + world wide patents.C. Linder, G. Aviv, M. Perry, R. Katraro, US patent 4 720, 345, January 19, 1988 Semi permeable membranes of Modified polystyrene for Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration, Their Use and Manufacture .C. Linder, and M. Perry, US patent 4,604,204, Aug. 5, 1986. Porous Semi permeable Membranes of Chemically Modified Cellulose Acetate C. Linder, and M. Perry US patent 4,584,103, Apr. 22, 1986. Reverse Osmosis or Ultrafiltration Modified Polyacrylonitrile Membranes + world wide patents.C. Linder, G. Aviv, M. Perry and R. Katraro, US patent 4 477634, October 16, 1984. Modified Acrylonitrile Polymer Containing Semipermeable Membranes .M. Perry, R. Katraro, C. Linder, G. Aviv, US patent 4,659, 474. Dynamically Formed Membranes + world wide patents.M. Perry, J. Gilron, R. Katraro and C. Linder, European application 369445, 1989. Process and device for the separating electrically charged macromolecular compounds by Forced Flow Membrane Electrophoreisis.C. Linder, G. Aviv, US patent 4,413,999, Nov. 8, 1983. Amidoxime Derivatives. Process for their Preparation and Application . A new class of Chemical Reaction Products for Material modification and biologically reactive compounds. + world wide patents.M. Perry, C. Linder, O. Kedem, US patent 4,246,092, January 20, 1981. Method and Apparatus for the Performance of Selective Electrodialysis .C. Linder, M. Perry, R. Katraro, US 4,753,725 Sept 16, 1980, Semipermeable Composite Membranes, their Manufacture and Use, Modified Polyvinyl Alcohol Membranes + world wide patents.C. Linder, Is patent 53072 An Antibiotic formulation containing clindamycin for the treatment of bovine mastitis .

Presentation of Papers at Conferences

C. Linder, New Membranes for Extreme Conditions Opening Lecture at 3rd Nanofiltration and Applications Workshop, June 26-28, 2001, Lappeenrante University of Technology, Lappeenrante, FinlandC. Linder, G. Saveliev, Y. Mirsky and O. Kedem, Modified Heterogeneous ED Membranes with Low Fouling, EUROMEMBRANE 2000, Sept. 24-27, MA’ALE HaHamishaC. Linder and O. Kedem. Invited Lecture, 22-27 May 1999 Novel Asymmetric Mosaic Membranes with Enhanced Salt Passage Ravello, Italy.C. Linder, G. Saveliev, Y. Mirsky and O. Kedem, Desalination Workshop on Fouling Mitigation in Membrane Processes, Jan 26-28, 1999, Haifa Israel. Antifouling Modifications of ED Membranes .C. Linder, M. Nemas, R. Katraro, J. Yacubowicz, ICOM’96, Japan Developments in Solvent Stable and pH stable NF Membranes for Solvent and Caustic Recovery .C. Linder M. Nemas, R. Katraro J. Yacubowicz, Lecture at Prep’96, Basel Switzerland Cost Reduction in Preparative Chromatoraphy Applications Using Solvent Stable Nanofiltration for the recycling of Organic Solvent Eluents’M. Marcelletti, C. Linder, M. Nemas, J. Yacubowicz, and R. Katraro, Lecture, ECE Seminar, Italy 1-4/5/96 Ecological Applications of Innovative Solvent and pH stable Nanofiltration.C. Linder, Selective polymeric membrane systems for acid, caustic and solvent recovery, Presented at International Conference on Environmental Impact of Polymeric Materials, May 12-16, 1996, Israel. C. Linder, M. Nemas, and R. Katraro. Paper for the 7th International Symposium on Chiral Discrimination (ISCD 7), November 12-16, 1995, Solvent Stable Membranes and Modules for the Downstream Recovery of chiral Compounds and Solvents .Katraro, J. Yacubowicz, C. Linder, (AMK’95) Aachener Membran Kolloquium 14-16/3/95 Chemically Resistant Nanofiltration Membranes for Use with Acids, Bases and Organic Solvents M. Perry, J. Yacubowicz, C. Linder, R. Shavit. Aachener Membran Kolloquium (AMK’93) 9-13/3/93 Novel Chemically Stable SelRO Nanofiltration Membranes and Modules for the Application in Chemical Process and Treatment of Waste Streams .R. Rautenbach, R. Knauf und C. Linder, Maschinemarkt, Wurzberg, 100 (1994) 43, 16-21 Fraktioniert trennen. Erweiterte Anwendungsmoglichkeiten des Verfahrens der Nanofiltration .M. Perry and C. Linder. ICOM’90 in Chicago. Selective RO Membranes Possessing High Salt Passage and High Chemical and Solvent Stability .C. Linder, R. Shavit, International Membrane Technology Conference, Sydney Australia, Lecture B-49, Symposia Book, November 1988, Highly Stable Selective RO/UF membranes for Industrial Applications .C. Linder, G. Aviv, M.Perry, Ashkelon Conference Separation Sciences May 30, -June 1, 1983 Robust Industrial Membranes for reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration .A. Abir, G. Aviv, R. Katraro, C. Linder, M. Perry, Ashkelon Conference-Separation Sciences, May30-June 1, 1983, Selective Electrodialysis for Nitrate Purification of Drinking Water .C. Linder, and I. Miller, Symposia of the Electrical Chemical Society, Extended Abstracts, Sp. Meeting, Washington D.C., May 9-13, 1971, Membrane Electrical Polarization .

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