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Time: 10/05/2023, 18:36:05

HSPA stands for High Speed Packet Access and if you think of HSDPA, the D stands for downlink. Here in the top you see R99, R4 all the way to R7. These are 3GPP release names. We will look at 3GPP releases briefly later.

So don't worry too much about them. 4G was rolled out in 2009. The actual name used for 4G is LTE which stands for Long-Term Evolution. It basically implied that 4G is evolution of 3G. Since 4G launch we have different enhancements that have come in it. So the first being LTE Advanced or Real 4G and LTE A Pro which is also known as 4.5G.

The PDF material which is provided along with this video contains links to where you can learn more about this. You have to also keep in mind that while 4G was being defined and enhanced, 3G enhancements were still going on in parallel. Now coming to 5G we can see that the first rollouts happened in around 2019 right last year and these will go on until the next generation comes. While 5G is being specified in the standards 4G is still evolving in parallel. The way things are going we can expect 6G to come around 2029. So this research timeline is just showing how research and standardization works. So while the first 5G File Name: https://youtu.be/jKh3JpmmKso?si=VD0ARwhCIFh1XHMh standards were released in December 2017 there were a lot of other technologies that were being researched and some of them didn't make into 5G. Now a lot of these have ended up as potential 6G technologies. So we now move on to part 2 where we look at different standardization organizations.