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SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS

MARKS: 150

This memorandum consists of 10 pages.

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1

2016

MEMORANDUM

Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/2016

SCE – Memorandum

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SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 1.1.1

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.1.4

1.1.5

1.1.6

1.1.7

1.1.8

1.1.9

1.1.10

B

A

A/B/C/D

D

B

B

A

C

A

D (10 x 2)

(20)

1.2 1.2.1

1.2.2

1.2.3

1.2.4

1.2.5

B only

A only

Both A and B

B only

None (5 x 2)

(10)

1.3 1.3.1

1.3.2

1.3.3

1.3.4

1.3.5

Ammonia

Backyard/free range system

Placenta retention

Spermatogenesis

Flushing/harvesting (5 x 2)

(10)

1.4 1.4.1

1.4.2

1.4.3

1.4.4

1.4.5

Mineral licks

Antibodies

Progesterone

Mummification

Pistolette (5 x 1)

(5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 45

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SECTION B

QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION

2.1 Alimentary canal of poultry

2.1.1 Identification of the parts

A - Crop

B - Proventriculus/glandular stomach

C - Ventriculus/gizzard/muscular stomach

(1)

(1)

(1)

2.1.2 Letter of the part that contains small stones C

(1)

2.1.3 Reason for the presence of stones

Helps with mechanical digestion/grinding of the food

(1)

2.1.4 Parts of the alimentary canal of poultry that will not be found in sheep

• Crop/A

• Proventriculus/B

• Gizzard/ventriculus/C

• Cloaca/vent/uro-genital opening/E

• Caeca/D (Any 2)

(2)

2.2 Composition of feed intake and excreted by a calf consuming 5kg 2.2.1 Feed component with lowest absorption rate

Crude fibre

(1)

2.2.2 TWO reasons for the answer

• Has the highest rate of excretion

• Fore stomachs/rumen not well developed/not functional

• Absence/limited quantities of rumen micro flora (Any 2)

(2)

2.2.3 ONE reason for not recommending it for dairy cows

• Crude protein concentration is too low/5%

• Crude fibre concentration is too high/78% (Any 1)

(1)

2.2.4 Calculate dry material (DM) in the feed (kg)

• (15% moisture) 0,15 x 5kg = 0,75kg moisture

• 5kg – 0,75 = 4,25kg DM

OR

• (85% DM) 0,85 x 5kg

• = 4,25kg DM

(2)

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2.3 Pearson square method (Information on two feeds) 2.3 2.3.1 Calculate percentage

(a) Maize meal

31 x 100

33

= 93,93%

(b) Soybean meal

2 x 100

33

= 6,06%

(2)

(2)

2.3.2 Cost of soybean in the ration

• 0,0606 (6,06%) x 285kg = 17,27kg

• 17,27kg x R4,58 per kg

• = R79,10

(3)

2.4 Biological value (BV) data

2.4.1 Explanation of biological value

• BV is an index of the % of nitrogen in a certain feed

• It reflects the quality of protein in the feed

• It is determined by the amino acid composition

• and the ratio of amino acids in the protein (Any 2)

(2)

2.4.2 Relation between the BV and the quality of a feed

• The higher the BV

• The better the quality of a feed

OR

• The lower the BV

• The lower the quality of a feed

(2)

2.4.3 Identification of feed with the lowest BV

Maize meal

(1)

2.4.4 Determination of suitability of maize meal

• Suitable for energy/fattening

• Not suitable for production/growth/reproduction (Any 1)

(1)

2.4.5 Importance of feeding pigs feed with high BV

• They are not able to produce their own amino acids

• They need to be fed protein directly

(2)

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2.5 Fodder flow planning

2.5.1 Calculate the:

(a) Quantity of Fescue (t DM/Ha)

• 210 t/year 15 Ha = 14t DM/Ha

(b) Ha planted with maize for silage

• 100 t/year 10 t/Ha = 10 Ha

(2)

(2)

2.5.2 Fodder crop best utilized for:

(a) Summer grazing

• Kikuyu (pasture)

(b) Succulent crop during the winter

• Maize/silage/kikuyu/fescue/ryegrass (winter rain area)

(c) Most economic hay

• Fescue

(3)

[35]

QUESTION 3:ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Behaviour of farm animals

3.1.1 Area indicated

• C - Blind spot

• D - Balancing point

(2)

3.1.2 Position where the handler is safe

Outside the flight zone/any area outside the circle/around A Reason

In that position the handler is not a threat to the animal

(1)

(1)

3.1.3 THREE guidelines important when handling cattle

• Have knowledge/understanding of their behaviour

• Correct handling techniques

• Correct handling facilities

• Animal behaviour must be anticipated

• Be careful/watchful/prepared when working with animals

• Work calmly and quiet/no noise/no whips/sticks/dogs

• Be aware of their flight/safety zone (Any 3)

(3)

3.2 Scenario on animal production systems

3.2.1 Farming systems practised

• Farmer A - Commercial farming

• Farmer B - Subsistence farming

(1)

(1)

3.2.2 Justification

• Farmer A - Produces on a large scale/sells the produce for profit

• Farmer B - Produce to sustain his family

(1)

(1)

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3.2.3 Farmer with the highest contribution to environmental decline/ deterioration

Farmer A

(1)

3.2.4 TWO environmental effects

• Farmer A produces 1440 tons of manure per year

• Produce methane as a by-product or ruminant digestion

(2)

3.3 Apparatus used in sheep production process

3.3.1 Identification of apparatus

Electrical hot knife/pliers

(1)

3.3.2 Function of apparatus in sheep

Tail docking/castration

(1)

3.3.3 TWO reasons why apparatus is preferred

• Easy to use/fast

• Cheap

• Bloodless method

• Hygienic method (Any 2)

(2)

3.3.4 Age at administering

• Young as possible/before day 7 after birth

Reason

• Animals are easier to handle/smaller

• Less tissue damage/blood/stress to animals (Any 1)

(1)

(1)

3.3.5 ONE other apparatus that can be used

• Knife/Scalpel

• Rubber/elastrator ring/castrator

• Burdizzo (Any 1)

(1)

3.4 Diseases in farm animals

3.4.1 Complete table

A - Bacteria/Bacterium

B - Cattle/Sheep/Goat

C - Protozoa/Protozoan

D - Lumpy wool

(4)

3.4.2 Disease affecting only dairy cows

Mastitis

(1)

3.4.3 A management practice used that will prevent red water

• Inoculation/vaccination/immunisation

• Dipping to control ticks

• Move animals/veld management/rotational grazing/ burning of the veld (Any 1)

(1)

3.4.4 Farm animal susceptible to mastitis

Lactating dairy cattle/cow/female animal

(1)

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3.5 Poisonous plants

3.5.1 Phrase describing plants

Poisonous/toxic plants

(1)

3.5.2 Farm animal mainly affected by poison leaf

Cattle

(1)

3.5.3 TWO other poisonous plants

• Maize fungus

• Thorn apple

• Poisonous bulb

(2)

3.5.4 Sheep most susceptible for poisonous plants

• Exotic breeds

• Young animals/lambs

• Old animals

• Pregnant animals (Any 2)

(2)

3.5.5 Protein substitute for ruminants

Urea

(1)

[35]

QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION

4.1.1 Reproductive organs of a bull

(a) B (1)

(b) D (1)

(c) A (1)

4.1.2 TWO congenital defects

• Sperm defects

• Cryptorchidism

• Hypoplasia (Any 2)

(2)

4.1.3 TWO functions of the hormone secreted by part D

• Development of the secondary sex characteristics

• Normal mating behaviour

• Functioning of the accessory glands

• Production of spermatozoa

• Maintenance of the male duct system (Any 2)

(2)

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4.2 Synchronisation

4.2.1 Identify process

Synchronisation of oestrus

(1)

4.2.2 ONE hormone inducing the process

• Prostaglandin

• Synthetic progesterone/Progestin/Oestradiol

• Co-Synch oestrus synchronization/GnRH

• MGA/Melengestrol acetate (Any 1)

(1)

4.2.3 Financial implication of synchronisation

• High costs for labour/hormone treatments

• High management inputs/costs

(2)

4.3 Re-arranging the statements in sequential order 1. C (1)

2. D (1)

3. A (1)

4. E (1)

5. B (1)

4.4 Difficulties giving birth

4.4.1 Scientific term

Dystocia

(1)

4.4.2 THREE conditions that may interfere with normal parturition

• Deviation of the head

• Flexion of the elbow

• Retention of the fore leg/legs

• Hydrocephalus

• Congenital defects/deformities

• Vaginal tear

• Twins/multiple births

• Premature/late birth

• Induction of parturition

• Posterior/abnormal presentation

• Incomplete cervical dilation

• Size of the calf

• Malnutrition of the cow

• Age of the female animal (Any 3)

(3)

4.4.3 Indigenous lubricant used by breeders in assisting delivery Animal fat/oil/soap

(1)

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4.5 Line graph

4.5.1 Line graph showing the percentage of fat and lactose Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines

• Correct heading

• X-axis: correct calibrations and labelled (Weeks of the year)

• Y-axis: correct calibrations and labelled (Fat and lactose)

• Correct unit

• Line graph

• Accuracy

(6)

4.5.2 Trend shown by the protein content of milk

• Protein will increase from 3,0 to 4,2%

• With progression in weeks/from week 5 to 45

(2)

4.5.3 Constituents of the first milk

• Immunoglobin/Antibodies

• Minerals/Calcium(Ca)/Phosphorus(P)

• Vitamins (Any 2)

(2)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

*-**-**-**-**-** 35 40 45

Fat and lactose Weeks of the year

The % of fat and lactose during certain weeks of the year Fat

Lactose

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4.6 Semen

4.6.1 TWO semen dilutants

• Buffers/sodium citrate

• Egg yolk

• Lipids/Skim milk

• Nutrients/Fructose

• Antibiotics/Penicillin/Streptomycin

• Glycerol (Any 2)

(2)

4.6.2 TWO functions of the dilutants

• Control the pH

• Control the isotonic environment

• Protect spermatozoa against temperature changes/shocks

• Provide energy to spermatozoa/increase viability

• Protect sperm against bacterial growth

• Protect spermatozoa against the lethal effects of freezing

• Increase the volume of semen (Any 2)

(2)

[35]

TOTAL SECTION B: 105

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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