Nursing assistant and registered medication technician,Phlebotomy EKG

Monterey L. Harris

December **, ****

A&P* – Instructor, Carol MyNatt

1.The hematocrit measures the whole blood volume of formed elements: Red blood cells, WBC, and platelets. Since the formed elements consist of mostly RBCs, if the hematocrit is low, it is likely that the individual suffers from some kind of anemia. The most common kind of anemia would likely be iron deficient, which is oxygen carrying. It is also possible the person has low platelets, which would result in less clotting when that person cuts themselves. Additionally, it is possible that a low WBC count could indicate some kind of autoimmune reaction, or perhaps other disorder (cancer).

2.The development of lymphocytes are as with that of other formed elements with WBC. RBC are formed in the red bone marrow of spongy bone, and that includes most other WBC (4 of them). The exception to the WBC formation outside of the bone marrow is that of the 5th WBC, lymphocytes, which are formed in the Thymus gland in the abdomen & formed also in the yellow bone marrow.

3.Erythropoeisis is the formation of RBC. They either speed up or slow down depending upon the need and levels in the body. RBC live about 4 months, 120 days. Oxygen deficiency or hypoxia, is when the oxygen levels are low, and perhaps due to low hemoglobin or low iron- iron deficient anemia. RBC production speeds up and stimulate the kidneys to release a hormone that stimulate red bone marrow to speed up production of more red blood cells (RBC). Erythropoeisis is stimulated by oxygen levels in the blood and the kidneys will secrete hormone, erythropoietin. The hormone stimulates RBC production in the red bone marrow.

4.A person with B negative blood would be fine if given blood from someone who has O negative blood type.. O neg. is the universal donor, and AB positive is the universal recipient.

5.A. WBC with round nucleus surrounded by blue halo cytoplasm with no granules are the lymphocytes. The lymphocytes increase with acute viral infection, such as HIV or immunodeficiency disease.

B. Basophils are WBC having dense bluish purple granules that have a barely visible nucleus. The WBC release histamine and heparin in allergic reactions, and heparin to thin the blood to prevent it from clotting too much.

C. Monocytes have U shaped nucleus in foamy cytoplasm. They are microphages and eat other cells. They increase with serious bacterial infections. (mononucleosis) They go to the spleen to die and while alive, eat and destroy other dead cells and bacteria in the body.

D. Eosinophils are orange and red colored granules and bilobed nucleus. These increase with cases of serious parasite infestation and allergic reactions.

Monterey L. Harris

12/12/15

A&P2 - Instructor: Carol MyNatt

6.The WBC, particularly, eosinophils, drastically increase in someone with serious parasitic infestation, and allergic reactions because the body produces more WBC to try to fight off the infection. WBC are our defense system in cases of viral, bacterial, and parasitic cases.

7.The WBC responsible for the build of immune response against pathogens are the lymphocytes because they destroy viruses, and are the T & B cells. The T & B cells are the activators and immune system fighter cells that produce the antibodies (B cells produce the antibodies to fight off diseases). The T & B cells help prevent cancer, viruses, and transplanted tissues. That is why individuals who are transplant donors much match with whom they are donating so that there is less likelihood of organ rejection even with immunosuppressant medicines given temporarily until the body has become adjusted to the donor’s organ, etc…

Lymphocytes recirculate through the body in the cell spaces, lymph fluid, back to the blood stream, etc…and are made in the Thymus gland. Most of the time they are in the lungs, lymph nodes, and spleen and ready to defend against serious viral infections.