Key Skills
Profile Summary
AX Technical Development
Infra & Architect Design
Application Design & Development
Delivery Management
Requirement Gathering
Reports Design & Development
Project Management
Reporting & Documentation
Team Management
AX Technical Professional with nearly 6 years of experience in Application Design & Development and Technical Architecture
Possess working knowledge of Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 in Axapta X++ Editor/ Debuggers (IDE), Installation & Configuration, Report Development, Form, Table & Class Customization
Exposure of working on 20+ projects, 4+ (CfMD) Certified for Microsoft Dynamics modules, 5+ Add-on verticals & 5+ external application integration (CarPro, Candy, Primavera, InforEAM) and developing / customizing 300+ reports, managing 17+ end-to-end implementation
Expertise in managing application development activities including design, development & troubleshooting; conducting gap analysis including validation of needs in conjunction with onsite & offsite teams
Incisive acumen in implementing technical architecture strategies to improve business performance and achieve better results by developing a vision & executable roadmap (aligned to technology and business)
Determined operational feasibility by defining the problem, analyzing requirements and assessing proposed solutions
Proven capabilities in working with customers, project managers and technical teams for securing & executing concurrent projects
Exceptional communication, collaboration & team building skills with proficiency in grasping new technical concepts quickly and utilizing the same in a productive manner
Education
MBA in International Business from Alagappa University, Karaikudi in 2013
B.Tech. in Information Technology from Pondicherry University in 2011
Career Timeline
Soft Skills
Work Experience
Aug’17 – till now Aplica Technologies Ind. Pvt. Ltd, Project Lead
Mar’16 – June’17 CDC- Qatar, Doha-Qatar as Sr. Technical Consultant
Jan’16 – Mar’16 IBM India, Chennai-India as Sr. Software Engineer
Mar’13 – Jan’16 Dynamic Netsoft Technologies Ind. Pvt. Ltd., Chennai-India as Sr. Technical Consultant
Apr’11 – Mar’13 Gtech Computers, Karaikal-India as Software Engineer
Role:
Defining & managing the technology architecture framework; making trade-offs to integrate, consolidate & eliminate technologies and maximizing the reuse as per roadmap & overall target architecture
Analysing user requirements to identify trends and resolve performance issues; preparing proposals, delivering business presentations to clients and controlling resource planning, effort estimation & risk management
Preparing the project evaluation framework to assess the strengths & identify the areas of improvement; ensuring all activities are operated as per policies
Steering efforts for large client engagements, account growth & customer facing program as per their strategies
Maintaining optimal relations with internal & external stakeholders to provide support for various IT issues by keeping a close track on recent developments
Engaged in resource allocations and setting up of the communication channels across various horizons of the organization structure
Highlights:
10+ End to end implementation (Installation of server to Go-live support).
Knowledge on complete CDC-Qatar (Current organisation) actual business with ERP’s roles and ERP’s data flow.
Experienced client handling consultant from least application user to richest application users.
Experienced on clustering RM, load balancing AOS, & load balancing SQL DB
Implemented several measures to identify deformities, malfunctions or other abnormalities even after Go-live without service downtime, I support from client side in other products like Infor EAM.
Steered the implementation of quality initiatives such as internal development with current company (CDC) that instilled basic quality philosophies of doing things right the first time, resulting in an 50% reduction in company rework cost
Faced and overcame key challenges like email handling, document handling as bulk of records.
Financial dimension handling gave me more exposure on understanding major table structures.
Successfully designed & developed project WBS import and Purchase order process that helped in improving the quality of understanding AX frameworks and hierarchy groups of classes.
Implementation of multiple vertical (model files) cause more object ID conflicts and solved by understanding complete flow.
Sound knowledge on SCM, HR & Payroll, Finance and Project management other than vertical worked on.
AX Exposure
Cloud Computing-Azure and its components (Cloud AX Implementations)
RDP configuration and RDP web access configuration for any application, including AX
AX Technical Development (X++, coding and developing forms & class) in AX 2009, AX 2012 R2, AX 2012 R3 and D365 and documentation TDD
AX Retail Administration (Configuring AOS, Database, Real-Time Service Profiles & Synch Service Profiles)
AX Retail Technical Development Customization for POS, Receipt Profile & Pre-Printed Statements
SSRS Report Development
Workflow, Number Sequence & Framework Implementation
AX Enterprise portal development (Forms Datasets & its elements)
AX Corporate Training (AX Development, Installation & Configuration)
AX Administration (Installing & Configuring AX, reporting service, SharePoint, EP, Visual Studio Tools with SQL Server Service Management, Server OS -2012, 2008 R2)
AX DMF (Development & Customized Entity), AX Web Services (Currency Exchange, Stock Exchange, Language Translators), AX Microsoft Add Ins (MS Excel Import)
Certification
Microsoft Dynamics NAV 2013 C/Side Development Specialist
Personal Details
Date of Birth: 16th September 1988
Languages Known: English, Urdu, Hindi, Tamil & Telugu
Permanent Address: No.: 07, I Cross, Sri Ram Nagar, Puliyan Kottai Salai, Karaikal-609602
Present Address: 10, Halls lane, Halls road, Kilpauk, Chennai 600010.
Passport No: K0360749 (Valid till: 17th February 2022)
For other details, please refer Annexure:
Annexure
Verticals Exposure
Title: Real Estate pro = Property Management for AX + Real Estate Sales Management for AX
Description: Real Estate Sales Management is the module which encircles functionality for sales and executed to increase the revenue. It is an incorporated solution embracing marketing and sales activities. It helps organizations to manage the complete sales cycle from pre-launch of sales to invoicing, with complete follow-up and control of the sales agreements. It retains customers and gain customer insight. It improves sales and marketing activities of customers by using this module and goes through a thorough examination of selling process. The main objective is to see that the Property analytics in terms of effectively managing the vacancy levels of the property units
Contains: Property management, marketing & reservation, contract / sales agreement, revenue recognition & analytics
Features:
Managing Flow of Real Estate Property Management System
Controlling key processes in property management for AX
Optimizing efficiency
Contribution: Development in AX 2012 R2 later AX 2012 R3
Team size: 10 (7 Technical + 3 Functional)
Title: AXOnePay for AX
Description: AXOnePay has been designed to maximize the efficiency and output of the AX Users in GCC. The software ensures effective tracking of all your employee details, Employee Dependents and family members & Documents, their attendance, Overtime, performance linked incentives, leaves, expense reimbursements as well as various deductions mandated by labour and tax laws as such. Use the effective filters to process the payroll through workflow automation and approvals thereby reducing the manual intervention during the Payroll process.
Seamless transaction processing with the General Ledger Dynamics AX Payroll Software Module’s flexible account structure for dimension accounting gives a comprehensive employee statement of accounts. AXOnePay offers to generate comprehensive reports, including pre and post-payroll process analysis of earnings, benefits, deductions, accruals, and taxes for the pay period. Use the EFT functionality to generate the Bank Files and eliminate the time and cost of printing and distributing pay checks.
AXOnePay Module contains core human resource management, company parameters, vacations, employee loans, employee transaction, salary processing, and employee payments.
Team size: 7 (5 Technical + 2 Functional)
Contribution: Development in AX 2012 R2 later AX 2012 R3.
Title: Bid Management for AX
Description: Bid Management System lets you process, manage, and document customer RFQs / RFPs, and develop accurate bids for both material and/or service contracts. It gives you the tool to analyse the cost sheet from different perspectives. You can access pre-existing templates or define new ones to prepare a winning bid easily. Estimating cost sheets and bid templates allow for customer specific items to be modified. Use the workflow automation to enlist multiple approvals for the effort & cost sheet before finalizing the bid. Use the iterations and price simulation functionalities to analyse the cost effect and the net worth of the bid based on discounts, mark up %, profitability value & charges; which will ultimately win the contract.
Efficient Bid Management for dynamics AX through embedded customer relationship management (CRM) capabilities including visibility of historical bids. Generated documents and reports from the module such as Tender evaluation, Action Plan and bid analysis reports provide the user with analytical information. Links to project tasks, for pre contract award tracking, and associations built between materials and services for simultaneous delivery, are converted to the project to ensure accuracy and consistency.
Contains: Bid creation, bid costing, price simulation, integration with procurement to arrive at bid price, bid finalization & project contracts
Contribution: Team size: 7 (4 Technical + 3 Functional), Development in AX 2012 R3.
Title: Contract Management for AX
Description: Completing projects on schedule and within budget demands complete project control. Managing large amounts of information on construction and engineering projects is complex enough. And unless you have a project-wide collaboration and tracking system, you run the risk of wasting time, missing deadlines, and blowing budgets. Contract Management goes beyond the traditional Project Management & Accounting and provides a comprehensive project management including multilevel work breakdown structures, robust resource scheduling, and effective ERP for contract management
Contains: Contract order, budget control, deliverable tracking, inspection tracking, dispute tracking & contractor invoicing
Team Size: 8 (5 Technical + 3 Functional),
Contribution: Development in AX 2012 R2 later AX 2012 R2 R3
Title: Investment & Portfolio Management for AX
Description: MS Dynamics Investment & Portfolio Management Solution offers complete business processes and functionalities to manage your Investment related transactions. By tracking your investments directly within Microsoft Dynamics AX cut down your back-end processing time to increase accounting productivity. Working from a centralized system, you can cut down consolidation needs and gain a complete picture of your financial position from all of your investment activities
MS Dynamics Investment & Portfolio Management Solution enables decision-makers to access the most current information instantly. You could see your entire financial position, from Buy/Sell transactions till Gain/Loss transactions. With detailed audit trails getting continually generated from your investment activities; both the high level and low level details of your investments.
Highlights: Master Data Management, Portfolio Management, Investment Management & Multi-Currency Management
Team size: 5 (4 Technical + 1 Functional),
Contribution: Development in AX 2012 R3.
Projects Exposure
Title: DAS holdings llc. Abu Dhabi
Role: AX 2012 R3 Implementations
Client profile: http://www.dasholding.ae/
DAS Holding is an Abu Dhabi-based international investment holding company. As one of the largest and most dynamic investment holding companies in the UAE, DAS Holding is recognized as an innovative business incubator and has earned an unsurpassed reputation courtesy of its uncompromising quality and innate professionalism.
Description: Service level agreement
Highlights: Contract WBS and functionality as similar to Project WBS
Team size: 3 (2 Technical + 1 Functional),
Contribution: Development in AX 2012 R3.
Title: CC Energy development, Oman.
Role: AX 2012 R3 Implementations
Client profile: http://www.cced.com.om/Pages/default.aspx
CC Energy Development S.A.L. (CCED) is a privately owned Lebanese upstream oil and gas exploration and production company. Through its associated companies CCED has over 20 years of exploration, development, and production experience in the oil and gas industry both as an operating partner and non-operating joint venture.
Description: Service level agreement
Highlights: Needs to bring the both project PO product receipts vouchers and its item requirements vouchers in single window also auto creation of item requirement for service items.
Team size: 4 (2 Technical + 2 Functional),
Contribution: Development in AX 2012 R3.
Title: CDC-Qatar Implementations
Company profile: http://www.cdc-qatar.com/CDC/home
The success story of CDC started in 1982, based on a pioneering passion for construction and the constant strive to enhance. Today CDC is the leading construction & development company in one of the world s most interesting growth markets. The product and service portfolio of CDC covers every link in the project value chain and offers products and services on the highest international level. With a focus on technology and quality leadership, our strategy is the creation of lasting values.
Role: AX 2012 R3 internal Development and pre and post Go-Live support.
Description: A stand-alone suite being developed for Microsoft certification in AX 2012. It is also being implemented by Levtech consulting team from UAE. Role is to implement AX with 3 external application integration and product handling. 18+ legal entities as Sub Company of CDC-Qatar which comes under single umbrella.
Highlights:
Gained knowledge of business process of the construction organisation from inventory, finance, projects and procurement almost all the modules in AX 2013 R3 used to make CDC end users more comfortable
Rendered Pre & Post Go-Live support
Managed the development on UI Designs, coding, testing, reports, workflow development and implementation
Title: Al-Fardan groups Qatar
Role: AX 2012 R3 Implementations
Client profile: http://www.alfardan.com.qa/
Alfardan Group has established itself as one of the leading family-owned conglomerates in the region for the past 60 years. A business enterprise built around traditional family values and an uncompromising commitment to integrity, premium service and social responsibility. The company was developed to showcase world-renowned jewellery brands and collaborated with a number of Europe’s foremost watchmakers leaving a distinctive mark in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, mainly in Riyadh, Jeddah and Al-Khobar. Alfardan Group’s success can be attributed to a business approach that combines the ability to change with the traditional values of integrity, service and social responsibility that define its core business philosophy.
Description: A stand-alone suite being developed for Microsoft certification in AX 2012. It is also being delivered to one of our reputed clients as an add-on module. It addresses all the requirements of land & property dealers, enable them to rent properties receive reservation & rent amounts from prospects, leads & tenants.
Highlights:
Developed UI designs and managed coding, testing, workflow development & implementation
Reviewed & resolving bugs & support
Title: Al-Futtaim groups UAE
Role: AX 2012 R3 Implementations
Client profile: http://www.alfuttaim.com/
Established in the 1930s as a trading business, regional business houses headquartered in Dubai. It operates through more than 65 companies across sectors as diverse as commerce, industry and services, and employs in excess of 20,000 people across the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Syria, Singapore and Europe.
Structured into seven operational divisions; automotive, electronics, engineering and technologies, retail, financial services, general services, real estate and joint ventures, Al-Futtaim maintains a decentralized approach, giving individual businesses flexibility and versatility to maintain a competitive stance. This benefits employees, providing a clearly defined work culture where individuals are empowered with authority and responsibility for their work.
Description: Technical support for the Al-Futhaim’s client like UI development Project WBS customization and other development in Project management module of AX 2012 R3.
Highlights:
Developed UI designs and managed coding, testing, workflow development & implementation
Reviewed & resolving bugs & support
Title: Theeb Rent a Car, KSA
Role: AX 2012 R2 Implementation
Client profile: www.theeb.com.sa/
Theeb Rent a Car Company started business in 1991, at Malaz branch in Riyadh with strategic aspirations to achieve leadership in the car rental sector. This objective required providing a superior level of service in a mindset of honesty, transparency and dedication in the work performed.
Theeb is considered as one of the leading and most important rent a car companies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia covering the three main regions, Central, Western, Eastern, Northern and regions, with a vehicles fleet exceeded.
Twelve thousand cars and continuously growing. Further, the company branches cover international airports in the Kingdom such as Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, Al Madina Al Munawara and Abha as well as regional airports such as Al Bahah, Jizan and Al Taif.
Description: Implementation of AX 2012 R2 Payroll- AXOnePay – with car pro integration
Highlights:
Developed UI Designs and managed coding, testing, development, installation & implementation
Successfully managed integration on client’s app called ‘CarProIntegration’
Title: Jarir Investments, KSA
Role: AX 2012 R3 Implementations
Client profile: www.jarir.com
Jarir Investment is a family office managing the wealth of Al Agil brothers based in Saudi Arabia. Jarir Investment belongs to Jarir Group of companies. Jarir Group has two core businesses – Jarir Marketing Company and Jarir Investment. Other group companies include Jarir Real Estate, Riyadh Najd School and Kids Kingdom. Jarir Marketing Company, a public company listed on Saudi Stock Exchange, is a leading retailer & wholesaler of office products & computer, books, school supplies and arts and engineering products. Jarir Marketing Company operates retail stores under the brand name of “Jarir Bookstore”. Currently it is operating stores in Saudi Arabia & other GCC countries and has a market capitalization of about US $ 1.4 billion.
Description:
Implementation of:
oAX 2012 Payroll- AXOnePay
oAX 2012 Real Estate pro
oAX 2012 Construction management pro
Title: Asasat International Holdings, KSA
Role: AX 2012 R2 Development
Client profile: http://www.asasatco.com/
Asasat International Holding Company, a Saudi Limited Company, is one of the largest private sector business groups in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since early 1990's with a variety of interconnected business enterprises. We strive to expand our business with partners who share our vision and commitment to expertise that has made Asasat International Holding one of the largest and most diversified groups operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We deploy right people, processes, skills and technologies to deliver tangible benefits. Asasat International Holding represents today’s realities and is structured to perform in today’s dynamic marketplace. A leading private sector group in Saudi Arabia with business interests in: Contracting, Real Estate development, Real Estate Brokerage, Property Management, Project Management, Construction and maintenance, Shopping malls, Style and fashion, Air-conditioning, Elevators and Escalators, Home Appliances, Advertisement Displays.
Description:
Implementation of:
oAX 2012 R2 Payroll- AXOnePay
oAX 2012 R2 Real Estate Pro
oAX 2012 R2 Construction management Pro
Title: MASIC Groups of Investments, KSA
Role: Upgradation of AX 2012 R2 to AX 2012 R3
Client profile: http://www.masic.com.sa/
The Al-Subeaei family business has its origins at a trading house founded in Makkah by Mohammed Ibrahim Al-Subeaei in 1933. He later partnered with his brother Abdullah Ibrahim Al-Subeaei. They established a family group of companies that has grown with the fortunes of Saudi Arabia following the Second World War. The Al-Subeaei Currency Exchange Company marked the formal entry into the financial services business and by the early 21st century, the company had grown to be amongst the top 50 companies in Saudi Arabia. The company’s investments included financial services, real estate, agricultural (aquaculture), manufacturing, industrial and retail.
Description
Implementation of AX 2012 R3 Payroll- AXOnePay
Role of the project is to deploy our Add-on payroll with data upgrades from AX 2012 R2 to AX 2012 R3 (Finance)
Title: Asala Holding Company, KSA
Role: Implementation of AX 2012 R3 for 10 + Mall (100 units approx. each)
Client profile: http://www.asala.sa/
Asala Holding Company (“Asala”), a Saudi privately held limited liability company with paid-up capital of SR 300 million, is a leading real estate company specializing in the ownership, development and management of shopping centers and commercial properties. Asala’s current portfolio is comprised nine operating shopping malls in the Kingdom totaling 536 thousand square meters
Description: Implementation of AX 2012 Real Estate pro
Title: Petro Chemical Conversion (PCC), KSA
Role: AX 2012 R2 Development
Client profile: http://www.saudipcc.com/
Petrochemical Conversion Company is involved in nylon production and downstream conversion, has set-up its office in Jubail, Saudi Arabia. Core business of PCC includes: nylon 6, 6, compounding, HDPE pipe, irrigation pipe, automotive parts, electrical parts, medical/pharmaceutical supplies, and complex caps/closures.
Description: SLA – support in customization and development of Finance, T&L and Payroll module.
Title: Al-Khaldi Holding Industry, KSA
Role: AX 2012 R2 Implementation
Client profile: http://www.al-khaldi.com.sa/
Al-Khaldi is Logistic & Operation Management Consultant leader and has established a solid reputation for fast, reliable and flexible customer service in transportation, full service warehousing and third party logistics, focus on solutions, and produce results. Their goal is to exceed the clients’ expectations, and consistent achievement in the highly demanding industry.
Description: Implementation of Finance, T&L, Payroll, Project and Retail Modules
Title: SAITE- Saudi Arabian Industrial Trading Estate (SAITE), KSA
Role: Upgradation of AX 2012 R2 from AX 2009
Client Profile: SAITE basic business is trading of items to customer from suppliers overseas. This includes many operations like getting Customer RFQ, Preparation of Supplier RFQ, preparation of quotation worksheet which includes many local overheads like Insurance, Freight, NMR, SASCO components.
Description: Upgradation from AX 2009 to AX 2012 R2.
Contribution: Development of AX 2009 Project into AX 2012, UI level Design, Reports Development, Bug solving, Installation of Test and Live Servers.
Title: Mouwasat Medical Services, KSA
Role: Implementation of AX 2012 R2
Client profile: http://www.mouwasat.com/en
Mouwasat Medical Hospital’s main objective is to manage and operate medical facilities and service to the patients. The Company is engaged in ownership, management, operation, and maintenance of hospitals, medical centres, medicine warehouses, and pharmacies.
Description: Involves in Implementation of Finance, T&L, Payroll and Project Modules
Title Sharaco, KSA
Role: AX 2012 R2 Implementation
Client profile: http://www.dur.sa/en
Sharaco (Saudi Hotels and resorts Company) has been established according to Saudi companies law as a Saudi Limited company with main activities summarized as to construct, own, operate and manage, invest, buy, enter in to partnership, rent and put for rent hotels, real estate and tourism properties in addition to own, develop, partition and construct buildings on land or put them out for rent.
Description: Sharaco having many branches where they require to maintain the agreements, investments & purchases.
Title: Alhajry & Al-Marasi, KSA
Role: AX 2012 R2 Implementation
Client profile: http://www.alhajry-overseas.com.sa/
AHO is well known for providing Building Maintenance & Services such as Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Computer Maintenance & Services and Communication Systems Maintenance & Services.
Description: SLA Support Service
Title: Al-Yaum, KSA
Role: AX 2012 R2 Implementation
Client profile: www.alyaum.com
AlYaum is one of the largest leading daily newspaper located at Dammam, Al-Yaum was first published in Dammam in 1965.
Description: SLA Support Service on SCM & Finance module
Title Knowledge Bridge Solutions (Kn-Bridge), KSA
Role: AX 2009 data and code upgradation
Client profile: http://www.kn-bridge.com/
Knowledge Bridge solution (KN-Bridge) is a world-class IT systems integrator firm with core strengths in the efficient delivery of information technology infrastructure, integrated systems and business solutions services. (KN-Bridge) is a pioneering leader in the IT industry in Saudi Arabia, offering integrated, cutting-edge, state-of-the-art technical turnkey business solutions.
Description: Role is to upgrade KBP payroll module (Add-on module) from Dynamic AX 2009 to Dynamic AX 20012 R2 (both data and code level upgradation)
Title: Al- Safa, Beauty secrets, KSA
Role: Upgradation of AX 2012 R2 to AX 2012 R3
Client profile: http://www.thebeautysecrets.co/
Agriculture Company ''Alsafa Import-export Co founded in 1990 as a privately held company with over 120 employees worldwide with expertise in agriculture production and distribution. As Alsafa Import & Export, we are manufacturer, processor and exporter of Egyptian rice with 2 rice mills in Egypt. Also we are one of the biggest importer and exporter of rice, sugar, corn for anımal feed, macaroni, cooking oils such as sunflower oil and corn oil.
Description: Retail configuration and implementation on 200+ stores in around KSA. POS designing and customizing the receipts and other offer reason code.
Title: NAQEL, KSA
Role: AX 2012 Development
Client profile: http://naqelexpress.com/index.php
In order to provide excellent services, NAQEL has invested in advance information technology. All transactions are captured through customized software that handles all activities of the transaction, ensuring your goods are managed and that information is recorded and tracked. Thanks to Express-2000, integrated software system, integration of information is instant and seamless. Various measurement reports (KPIs) are generated by the system to measure service levels, volume handled and other data analysis leading to service improvements and cost control. Online tracking system is to be operational soon.
Description: The Biggest Distribution Network and delivery of packages in the Middle East Serving 4900 Cities, Towns and Villages daily, Payroll –HRM module customization and AR & AP customizations
Title: Al Jazira Contracting Company, KSA & Dubai
Role: AX 2012 Development
Client profile: http://www.jazira-group.com/index.html
The story of Al-Jazira Contracting Company began in 1965 when it was incorporated as a national firm under the rules and regulations of KSA, to undertake all kinds of construction. Within a journey of forty six years long, Al-Jazira Contracting Company has become one of the leading Construction Companies in Saudi Arabia and Gulf area. Al-Jazira Contracting Company is a 100% Saudi entrepreneurial closed Joint Stock Company has accumulated extensive experience in different fields of construction and maintenance, as well as industrial, trade and commercial activities.
Description: Engaged in the implantation, development & customization on Finance, AR & AP modules. Managed T&L and payroll & HRM–module customization
Title: U-Mark, KSA
Role: AX 2012 R2 Development
Client profile: https://www.u-mark.net/?sl=en
U-Mark, a Saudi Company, started its activities in 1995 in the field of DRTV business being one of the pioneers of this field in the Middle East. In 1997, the first retail showroom of space not exceeding 50sqm dedicated to selling As Seen on TV products was opened. Since then several showrooms and kiosks are opened on regularly basis making the total number of showrooms and kiosks at present 48. Since the opening of the first retail showroom, the company expanded in different fields; Retail, Distribution, Overseas branches and offices.
Description: Complete Dynamic AX 2012 R2 implementation on AP,AR, CRM and retail with add-on module payroll in customization and development with reference to the their requirement.