Ramesh Chandra

***** ***** ******* **. ***** Dale MD 20769 mobile phone: 301-***-****

Email: ac0hk2@r.postjobfree.com,

Work Experience:

Ramesh Chandra has 46 years of research and development experience in Government organizations’, academia, and industry. He performed, and managed basic and applied research in areas of fatigue, fracture mechanics, composite structures, and smart structures. At NAVAIR, he played the role of PI in a collaborative effort between Navy, Air Force, and Southwest Research Institute on probabilistic assessment activity. His research activities on composite and smart structures at University of Maryland, Aerospace Engineering Department, College Park contributed to the funding of major research program by Army Research Office. At National Aerospace Laboratory Bangalore, India, he directed technology demonstration program of developing graphite-epoxy rudders for civil and military aircraft. He has published 70 peer reviewed articles and presented many papers.

US Navy, NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD, 20670 United States

08/2002 - 10/2012

Performed following duties as Aerospace Engineer

1. Monitored fatigue lives of fracture critical parts of 2 gas turbine engines of NAVAIR.

2. Performed statistical risk analyses of fracture critical parts of 2 gas turbine engines o

3. Initiated Probabilistic Risk Assessment Activity.

Recognized the need to apply probabilistic technology to predict probabilistic risk of fracture critical parts of gas turbine engine.

Identified the expert in probabilistic risk assessment from Southwest Research Institute, TX.

Identified the expert in fretting stresses from Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton.

Formed a NAVAIR-ARFL-SwRI collaborative team to develop a probabilistic risk assessment methodology for a typical gas turbine engine part.

Investigated the influence of fretting stresses, residual stresses, and HCF caused dynamic stresses on probabilistic risk of a typical gas turbine engine part, also the effect of mission variability on probabilistic risk was studied.

4. Predicted the effect of anisotropy on fatigue life of single crystal turbine blades.

5. Prepared a proposal on effect of FOD (Foreign Object Damage) on Fatigue and probabilistic risk of gas turbine engine blades.

Accomplished the following:

1. Developed a probabilistic risk assessment methodology to predict risk of a typical gas turbine engine part.

2. Studied the effect of fretting stresses, residual compressive stresses, HCF caused dynamic stresses, and missions variability on probabilistic risk of fracture critical gas turbine engine part.

3. Published 8 peer reviewed articles in ASME/AIAA conferences/Journals.

4. Developed a methodology to understand the fatigue behavior of anisotropic single crystal turbine blades under real life conditions.

TITAN Systems Corporation, California, MD, United States

07/1999 - 08/2002

Performed following duties as Senior Principal Engineer

1. Performed fatigue life analyses of several NAVAIR aircrafts fleet by processing normal acceleration exceedances data at quarterly basis, prepared SAFE (Structural Appraisal of Fatigue Effects) reports.

2. Based on this activity, the decisions of keeping the aircraft in service were made.

Accomplished

Monitoring periodic normal acceleration exceedances data for fatigue life assessment.

AeroStructures Inc. Arlington, VA United States

07/1996 - 07/1999

Performed following duties as Project Engineer

1. Performed fatigue life analyses of several NAVAIR aircrafts fleet by processing normal acceleration exceedances data at quarterly basis, prepared SAFE (Structural Appraisal of Fatigue Effects) reports.

2. Based on this activity, the decisions of keeping the aircraft in service were made.

Accomplished

Monitoring periodic normal acceleration exceedances data for fatigue life assessment

University of Maryland, Department of Aerospace Engineering

College Park, MD United States

09/1987 - 07/1996

Performed following duties as Research Scientist

1. Developed an experimentally validated structural model to predict the response of composite rotor blades of solid section including an airfoil and open section such as I and cruciform under static and dynamic loading conditions.

2. Developed an experimentally validated structural model to predict the response of composite structures with Piezo-induced actuation.

3. Developed an experimentally validated structural model to predict the response of composite structures with shape memory alloy actuators.

4. Developed a methodology to twist an extension-torsion coupled composite tube using magnetostrictive actuators for flap actuation.

5. Developed a methodology to actuate a flap in a wing section using a piezostack device.

Accomplished the following:

1. The above mentioned research activity was published in 20 peer reviewed articles.

2. This activity contributed to the funding of major research program to the department of aerospace engineering of university of Maryland by Army Research Office.

3. Pioneered work in tailored composite couplings and their impact on rotor performance.

4. Pioneered work towards development of smart rotor with surface-bonded piezoelectric actuators to minimize vibration.

5. Innovative modeling of thin composite sections with composite couplings.

6. Generated unique experimental test data on open and closed thin-walled laminated structures, which are now widely used by industry and other researchers.

National Aeronautical Laboratory

Bangalore, Karnataka India

09/1967 - 09/1987

Performed following duties as Scientist

Fracture Mechanics:

1. Carried out analytical, finite element and experimental investigation of Stress Intensity Factors, J-Integral, and Energy Release Rates in patched cracked panels.

2. Conducted fatigue crack growth analyses in patched cracked panels under flight simulation loading.

Accomplished the following:

1. A methodology to control a crack in aerospace structural panel via graphite-epoxy patch was developed.

2. This activity was published in 8 peer reviewed articles

Composite Materials and Structures:

1. Transient heat transfer and thermal stress analysis of composite shells due to aerodynamic heating.

2. Post- buckling, large deflection, and vibration analysis of composite plates.

3. Experimental characterization: basic mechanical and thermo-physical properties of glass-epoxy, Kevlar-epoxy and graphite-epoxy composite materials.

4. Experimental investigation of elemental mechanical and adhesive joints with composite adherends for their static strengths.

Glass-Epoxy Flight-Worthy Radomes:

1. Directed the design, analysis, fabrication and testing of a set of glass-epoxy radomes for a wing-mounted store- tangent ogive and other complex shapes.

2. Designed these radomes using finite element method.

3. Manufactured these radomes using pressure bag and vacuum bag molding techniques.

4. Conducted structural and environmental tests as per MIL specifications.

5. Supplied six sets of these radomes for flight-testing.

Graphite-Epoxy Rudder for Military Aircraft:

1. Directed the design, analysis, fabrication and testing of graphite-epoxy rudder.

2. Designed the full-depth honeycomb rudder using finite element method.

3. Manufactured graphite-epoxy rudder using autoclave-molding technique.

Accomplishment

1. Developed finite element analysis in time and space domain for transient heat transfer and thermal stress analysis of composite shells due to aerodynamic heating.

2. Gained expertise in nonlinear analysis to perform post- buckling, large deflection, and vibration analysis of composite plates.

3. Generated reliable data on basic mechanical and thermo-physical properties of glass-epoxy, Kevlar-epoxy and graphite-epoxy composite materials.

4. This activity was published in 42 peer reviewed articles.

Glass-Epoxy Flight-Worthy Radomes:

1. Built the capability to design, analyze, fabricate, test, and certify a set of glass-epoxy radomes for a wing-mounted store- tangent ogive and other complex shapes.

Graphite-Epoxy Rudder for Military Aircraft:

1. Built the capability to design, analyze, fabricate, test, and certify a full-depth honeycomb graphite-epoxy rudder.

2. This was a technology demonstration program.

Education:

Indian Institute Of Science Bangalore, India

Doctorate 08/1986

Major: Aerospace Engineering

Indian Institute Of Technology Madras, India

Master's Degree 07/1975

Major: Aerospace Engineering

Madras Institute of Technology Madras, India

Bachelor's Degree 04/1966

Major: Aerospace Engineering

PUBLICATION DETAILS

Fracture Mechanics:

Conferences

1.Michael P. Enright, Jonathan P. Moody, Ramesh Chandra, Jim Maltby, and Alan C. Pentz, ”Influence of Mission Variability on Fracture Risk of Gas Turbine Engine Components”, Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Power for Land, Sea and Air,June 11-15, 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark.

2.Ramesh Chandra, Alan C. Pentz, Michael P. Enright and Jonathan Moody, “Mission Variability Effects on Probabilistic Risk of a Typical Gas Turbine Engine Components” Propulsion-Safety And Affordable Readiness Conference, Jacksonville, FL, March 20-22, 2012.

3.Chan, K.S., Enright, M.P., Golden, P.J., Naboulsi, S., Chandra, R., and Pentz, A.C. (2011). "Probabilistic High-Cycle Fretting Fatigue Assessment of Gas Turbine Engine Materials," Proceedings of the 56th ASME International Gas Turbine & Aero engine Technical Congress, Vancouver, Canada, and June 6-11, 2011.

4.Enright, M.P., Chan, K.S., Golden, P.J., Naboulsi, S., Chandra, R., and Pentz, A.C. (2011). "Probabilistic Fretting Fatigue Assessment of Engine Disks under Combined LCF and HCF Loading," Proceedings of the 13th AIAA Non-Deterministic Approaches Conference, Denver, CO, April 4-7, 2011.

5.Enright, M.P., Chan, K.S., Naboulsi, S., Chandra, R., and Pentz, A.C., Golden, P.J. (2011). "Probabilistic High-Cycle Fretting Fatigue Assessment of Gas Turbine Engine Disks", PSAR 2011, Jacksonville, FL, Mar 15-17, 2011.

6.Chan, K.S., Enright, M.P., Simmons, H.R., Golden, P.J., Chandra, R., and Pentz, A.C. (2010). "Toward a probabilistic methodology for predicting high-cycle fretting fatigue in aero-engines," paper GT2010-23007, Proceedings of the 55th ASME International Gas Turbine & Aero engine Technical Congress, Glasgow, Scotland, and June 14-18, 2010.

7.S. Naboulsi, Patrick J. Golden, Ramesh Chandra, and Alan C.,Pentz, Hybrid contact stress analysis of a turbine engine blade to disk attachment, International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials VIII,19-24 September 2010, The Resort and Conference Center at Hyannis, Hyannis Resort, Hyannis, MA, USA.

8.Ramesh Chandra, Patrick Golden, and Michael Enright, “Fretting Fatigue-Based Risk Assessment of Gas Turbine Engine Disks” to be presented at 49th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Non-Deterministic Approaches Conference, Schaumburg, IL, April 7-10 2008.

9.Ramesh Chandra, Patrick Golden, and Michael Enright, “A Probabilistic Fretting Fatigue Assessment of Gas Turbine Engine Disks” Propulsion Safety & Affordable Readiness (PSAR) Conference, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, March 18-20, 2008

10.Ramesh Chandra, Patrick Golden, and Michael Enright, “Risk Analysis of a Typical Aircraft Engine Fan Disk using Probabilistic Approach” Propulsion Safety & Affordable Readiness (PSAR) Conference San Diego, California, March 13-15, 2007

11.Barlow, K.W., Chandra, R., “Fatigue Crack Propagation in an Aircraft Engine Fan Blade Attachment”, International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials V, September 19-24, 2004, Hyannis, MA. USA

Journal papers

1.Chan, K.S., Enright, M.P., Golden, P.J., Naboulsi, S., Chandra, R., and Pentz, A.C. Enright, (2012). "Probabilistic High-Cycle Fretting Fatigue Assessment of Gas Turbine Engine Components” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, June 2012, Vol. 134, 062502-1-8.

2.Chan, K.S., Enright, M.P., Simmons, H.R., Golden, P.J., Chandra, R., and Pentz, A.C. (2010). "Toward a probabilistic methodology for predicting high-cycle fretting fatigue in aero-engines," paper GT2010-23007, Proceedings of the 55th ASME International Gas Turbine & Aero engine Technical Congress, Glasgow, Scotland, June, 14-18, 2010.

3.Kwai S. Chan, Michael P. Enright, Jonathan P. Moody, Patrick J. Golden, Ramesh Chandra, and Alan C.,Pentz, “ Residual Stress Profiles for Mitigating Fretting Fatigue in Gas Turbine Engine Disks” International Journal of Fatigue 32 (2010) 815-823.

4.Michael P. Enright, Kwai S. Chan Jonathan P. Moody, Patrick J. Golden, Ramesh Chandra, and Alan C.,Pentz, “Probabilistic Fretting Fatigue Assessment of Aircraft Engine Disks” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power July 2010, Vol 132, 072502-1- 072502-9.

5.Michael P. Enright, Kwai S. Chan Jonathan P. Moody, Patrick J. Golden, Ramesh Chandra, and Alan C.,Pentz, “Influence of Random Residual Stress on Fretting Fatigue” AIAA Journal May 2011, Vol. 49, No. 5 pp.881-889.

6.Chandra, R., "Experimental Determination of Stress Intensity Factors in Patched Cracked Plates", Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 33, (1), 1989, pp. 65-79.

7.Chandra, R., and Subramanian, A., “Stress Intensity Factors in Plates with a Partially Patched Central Crack", Experimental Mechanics, March 1989, pp. 1-5.

8.Chandra, R. et al, "Energy Release Rates in Patched Cracked Plates", Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 31 (5), 1988, 719-732.

9.Chandra, R., and Gururprasad, K., "Numerical Estimation of Stress Intensity Factors in Patched Cracked Plates", Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 27 (5), 1987.

10.Chandra, R. et al, "Analytical Estimation of Stress Intensity Factors in Patched Cracked Plates", Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 21 (3), 1985, pp. 479-494.

11.Chandra, R. et al "Photo elastic Determination of Stress Intensity Factors in Patched Cracked Plates", Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 18 (2), 1983, pp. 305-318.

12.Chandra, R. and Sunder, R., "Fatigue Crack Growth in Patched Plates under Constant Amplitude and Flight Simulation Loadings", Sixth International Conference on Fracture, New Delhi, India, 1984.

13.Chandra, R. and Sunder, R., "Estimation of Fatigue Crack Growth in Patched Cracked Panels", Seventh International Conference on Fracture, Houston, USA, 1989.

Smart Structures:

Conferences

1.Mihir Mistry, Farhan Gandhi, and Ramesh Chandra, “Twist-Control of an I-Beam through Vlasov Bimoment Actuation” to be presented at 49th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Schaumburg, IL, April 7-10 2008.

2.Chandra, R., "Active Strain Energy Tuning of Composite Beams using Shape Memory Alloy Actuators", SPIE Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, Feb. 1-4 1993, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

3.Chandra, R., "Dynamic Response of Composite Beams with Induced-Strain Actuators". SPIE Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, Feb. 13-18, 1994, Orlando, Florida.

4.Bothwell, C. M., Chandra. R. Chopra, I., "Torsional Actuation with Extension-Torsion Coupling and a Magnetostrictive Actuator,” Proceedings of the 35th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, AIAA, Washington D. C. April 1994.

5.Epps, J. and Chandra, R., "Shape Memory Actuation for Active Tuning of Composite Beams", SPIE Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, Feb. 26-Mar.3, 1995, San Diego, California.

6.Epps, J. and Chandra, R., “Shape Memory Alloy Actuation for Active Tuning of Composite Shafts” SPIE Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, Feb. 26-29, 1996, San Diego, California.

7.Chandra, R., and Chopra, I., “Actuation of a Trailing Edge Flap in a Wing Model using Piezostack Device “Proceedings of the 38th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, AIAA, Washington D. C. April 1997.

Journal papers

1.Chandra, R., “Active Shape Control of Composite Blades using Shape Memory Actuation”, Journal of Smart Materials and Structures, 10, 2001, pp. 1018-1024.

2.Chandra, R., and Chopra, I., “Actuation of a Trailing Edge Flap in a Wing Model using Piezostack Device “Journal of Intelligent Materials, Systems and Structures, 1999.

3.Bothwell, C. M., Chandra. R., Chopra, I., "Torsional Actuation with Extension-Torsion Coupling and a Magnetostrictive Actuator", AIAA Journal, 1995, pp. 723-729.

4.Chandra, R., and Chopra, I., "Structural Modeling of Composite Beams with Induced-Strain Actuators”, AIAA journal, Vol. 31, No. 9, September 1993, pp. 1692-1701.

5.Epps, J. and Chandra, R., "Shape Memory Actuation for Active Tuning of Composite Beams", Journal of Smart Materials and Structures, 1998.

6.Epps, J., and Chandra, R., “Natural Frequencies of Rotating Composite Beams with Tip Sweep," AHS Journal, Jan. 1996.

7.Chandra, R., and Chopra, I., "Structural Behavior of Two-Cell Composite Rotor Blades With Elastic Couplings," AIAA journal, Vol. 30, No. 12, Dec, 1992, pp. 2914-2921.

8.Chandra, R., and Chopra, I., "Analytical-Experimental Investigation of Free-Vibration Characteristics of Rotating Composite I-Beams," Journal of Aircraft Vol. 30, No. 6, Nov.-Dec, 1993.

9.Chandra, R., and Chopra, I., "Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Composite I-Beams With Elastic Couplings,"AIAA Journal, Vol. 29, No. 12, Dec. 1991, pp. 2197-2206

10.Chandra, R., and Chopra, I., "Experimental-Theoretical Investigation of the Vibration Characteristics of Rotating Composite Box Beams," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 29, No.4 July/August 1992.

11.Chandra, R., Stemple, A.D. and Chopra, I., "Thin-Walled Composite Beams Under Bending, Torsional, and Extensional Loads," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 27, No.7, 1990.

12.Chandra, R., and Chopra, I., “Structural Response of Composite Beams and Blades with Elastic Couplings”, Composite Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 5-7, 1992.

Composite Structures

Conferences

1.Epps, J., and Chandra, R., "Experimental-Theoretical Study of the Effects of Tip Sweep on the Natural Frequencies of Rotating Composite Beams," 35th SDM Conference, April 8-10 1994.

2.Chandra, R. and Chopra, I., "Structural Behavior of Two-Cell Composite Rotor Blades with Elastic Couplings," 17th European Rotorcraft Forum, Berlin, Germany, September 1991.

3.Chandra, R. and Chopra, I., "Analytical-Experimental Investigation of Free-Vibration Characteristics of Rotating Composite I-Beams, “47th AHS Annual Forum at Phoenix, Arizona, May 6-8 1991.

4.Chandra, R. and Chopra, I., "Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Composite I-Beams with Elastic Couplings," 32nd SDM Conference, April 8-10 1991.

5.Chandra, R. and Chopra, I., "Dynamic Testing of Composite Box Beams in a Vacuum Chamber," AHS National Technical Specialists’ Meeting on Rotorcraft Dynamics, Arlington, Texas, November 1989.

6.Chandra, R. and Chopra, I., “Experimental Study of Thin-Walled Composite Beams", AHS National Technical Specialists' Meeting on Advanced Rotorcraft Structures, Williamsburg, Virginia, October 1988.

7.Chandra, R. et al, "Finite Element Analysis of Composite Rudder for DO 228 Aircraft," Proceedings of the International Conference on Composite Materials and Structures, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India, January 1988.

8.Chandra, R. et al, "Mechanical Properties of Carbon-Epoxy Composites", Conference on Carbon Fibers and Their Applications, New Delhi, December 1986.

9.Chandra, R. and Kumar, M., "Static Strength of Adhesive Bonded Metal - Composite Scarf Joints," 34th Annual General Meeting of Aeronautical Society of India, December 1982, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras.

10.Chandra, R. et al, "Experimental Characterization of E-Glass-Epoxy Composites", 31st Annual General Meeting of Aeronautical Society of India, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, 1979.

11.Chandra, R. and Kumar, M., "Joint Allowables of Some Composite - Composite Joints," Symposium on Jointing in Fiber Reinforced Plastics Composites, September 1978, Imperial College, London, pp. 142-151.

12.Chandra, R. and Kumar, M., "The Load Carrying Capacity of Bolted joints in Glass-Epoxy and Aluminum Alloy", International Symposium on Fibers and Composites, SAS MIRA, Bombay, 1978.

Journal papers

1.Gopalan, R., and Chandra, R., "Environmental Effects on Composite Structures”, The journal Of Aeronautical Society of India, Vol. 41 (1), 1989.

2.Chandra, R. et.al, "Transient Heat Conduction Analysis of Laminated Composite Nose Cone”, The Journal of Aeronautical Society of India, Vol. 32, 1980.

3.Chandra, R.et al, "Transient Temperatures in Laminated Composite Conical Shells due to Aerodynamic Heating", AIAA journal, Vol. 16 (6), 1978, pp. 547-548.

4.Chandra, R. "On Twisting of Orthotropic Plates in a Large Deflection Regime", AIAA Journal, Vol. 14 (8), 1976, pp. 1130-1131.

5.Chandra, R., "Large Deflection Vibration of Cross-Ply Laminated Plates with Certain Edge Conditions," Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 47 (4), 1976 pp. 509-514.

6.Chandra, R., "Non-Linear Bending of Ant symmetric Angle Ply Laminated Plates," Fiber Science and Technology, Vol. 10, 1977, pp. 123-137.

7.Chandra, R., "Post buckling Analysis of Crossly Laminated Plates", AIAA journal, Vol. 13 (10), 1975, pp. 1388-1389.

8.Chandra, R., and Raju, B.B., "Large Amplitude Flexural Vibration of Cross Ply Laminated Composite Plates," Fiber Science and Technology, Vol. 8, 1975, pp. 243-263.

9.Chandra, R., and Raju, B.B., "Large Deflection Vibration of Angle Ply Laminated Plates," Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 40 (3), 1975.

10.Chandra, R., and Raju, B.B., "Post buckling Analysis of Rectangular Orthotropic Plates," International Journal of Mechanical Science, Vol. 15, 1973.

Shell Structures:

1.Raju, B.B., and Chandra, R., "Electroforming of Thin Shells”, The Journal of Aero. Society of India, Vol. 25 (2), 1973, pp. 79-81.

2.Raju, B.B., and Chandra, R. "Some Experiments on Buckling of Electroformed Nickel Shell Specimen", The Journal of Aeronautical Society of India, Vol. 28 (1), 1976, pp. 59-67. '

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