Assistant Science
Resume:
Curriculum Vitae
Ellie L. Francis, Ph.D., O.D.
Visual & Human Factors Expert
Box 295, Swarthmore, PA 19081
abpijs@r.postjobfree.com
EDUCATION
New England College of Optometry, Boston,MA O.D., 1998
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Ph.D., 1988
Experimental Psychology
Major: Perception, Minor: Statistics
Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA B.A., 1979
Psychology
EMPLOYMENT
Clinician, Division of Ophthalmology, Children s Hospital of Philadelphia 1999-2004
ACADEMIC AFFILIATIONS / TEACHING EXPERIENCE
Research Associate, Div. of Ophthalmology, Children s Hospital of Philadelphia 2000-2004
Clinical Associate, Dept. of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania 2000-2004
Adjunct Assistant Professor, Franklin & Marshall College 1987-1990, 1999
Assistant Professor, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 1990-1995
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
American Psychological Association
CONSULTING EXPERIENCE
Consulted as an expert witness in numerous cases since 1987 involving perceptual issues and accidents.
Issues addressed include alcohol and perception, nighttime perception of pedestrians, motor vehicles,
and other potential roadway obstacles, perception of wiring, perception of stairs and other potential
tripping hazards, perception of train warning signals, visual malingering, reaction time.
RESEARCH TOPICS
Binocular Vision
Oculomotor Adjustments
Lifespan Visual Development
Pedestrian Visibility and Nighttime Vision
Myopia Development
PUBLICATIONS
Brown, J.S., Flitcroft, D.I., Ying, G-S., Francis, E.L., Schmid, G.F., Quinn, G.E., & Stone, R.A.. In vivo human
choroidal thickness measurements: Evidence for diurnal fluctuations. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual
Science, 2009, 50, 5-12.
Liu, G.T., Miki, A., Francis, E., Quinn, G.E., Modestino, E.J., Bonhomme, G.R., Haselgrove, J.R. Eye dominance
in visual cortex in amblyopia using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of the American
Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2004, 8, 184-186.
Stone, R.A., Quinn, G.E., Francis, E.L., Ying, G.-S., Flitcroft, D.I., Parekh, P., Brown, J., Orlow, J., Schmid, G.
Diurnal axial length fluctuations in human eyes. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 2004, 45,
63-70.
Francis, E.L., Jiang, B.-C. & Owens, D.A. Accommodation and vergence require effort-to-see. Optometry and
Vision Science, 2003.
Liu, G.T., Miki, A., Goldsmith, Z., van Erp, T.G.M., Francis, E.L., Quinn, G.E., Modestino, E.J., Bonhomme, G.R.,
Haselgrove, J.C. Eye dominance in Visual Cortex using functional MRI at 1.5T: An alternative method.
Journal of the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2002, 6, 40-48.
Troilo, D.A., Francis, E., & Yi, G. Levels of control in the refractive development of the eye: Evidence from
animal models. Chapter in T. Tokoro, Ed., Myopia updates. 1998. Springer Verlag, 285-296.
Tyrrell, R.A., Thayer, J.F., Friedman, B.H., Leibowitz, H.W., & Francis, E.L. A behavioral link between the
oculomotor and cardiovascular systems. Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 1995, 30, 46-67.
Owens, D.A., Antonoff, R.J., and Francis, E.L. Biological motion and nighttime pedestrian conspicuity. Human
Factors, 1995, 36(4), 718-732.
Owens, D.A., Francis, E.L. & Leibowitz, H.L. Visibility distance with headlights: A functional approach. Society
for Automotive Engineers Technical Paper Series, 1989, #890684.
Mustillo, P., Francis, E., Oross, S., Fox, R., and Orban, G.A. Anisotropies in global stereoscopic orientation
discrimination. Vision Research, 1988, 28, 1315-1321.
Oross, S., Francis, E., Mauk, D., and Fox, R. The Ames window illusion: Perception of illusory motion by human
infants. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1987, 13, 609-613.
Fox, R., Patterson, R., and Francis, E.L. Stereoacuity in young children. Investigative Ophthalmology, 1986,
27(4), 598-600.
Francis, E.L., and Owens, D.A. The accuracy of vergence for peripheral stimuli. Vision Research, 1983, 23, 13-
19.
CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS
Wilson, L., Quinn, G.E., Ying, G. S.S., Francis, E.L., Lam, A., Orlow, J., Stone, R.A. Axial Length and
Intraocular Pressure Fluctuations in Human Eyes. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, May,
2005, 46.
Brown, J.S., Flitcroft, D.I., Quinn, G.E., Francis, E.L.., Ying, G.-S., Stone, R.A.. A Novel Method for Determining
Choroidal Thickness in Humans With Partial Coherence Interferometry Axial Length Data. Investigative
Ophthalmology and Visual Science, May, 2005, 46.
J.S. Brown, M.Figueroa, E.L. Francis, G.E. Quinn, G.-S.Ying, R.A. Stone, D.I. Flitcroft. An Approach to Temporal
Patterns of Nearwork. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, May, 2004, 45.
K.P. Greenberg, E.L. Francis, A.Allam, A.Desai, G.-S.Ying, R.A. Stone, G.E. Quinn. Comparison of Eye Length
Measurement using Partial Coherence Interferometry and Clinical Ultrasound. Investigative Ophthalmology
and Visual Science, May, 2003, 44.
E.L. Francis, G.E. Quinn, D.I. Flitcroft, P. Parekh, G.-S.Ying, G.Schmid, J.Orlow, J.Brown, M.G. Maguire, R.A.
Stone Eye Length Fluctuates During the Day in Humans. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science,
May, 2003, 44.
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Francis, E.L., Nipper, K., Quinn, G.E., Flitcroft, D.I., Ying, G.-S., Rees, R., Zhu, X., Schmid, G., Stone, R.A.,
Maguire, M. Precise eye length measurement in children age 3-12 years. Investigative Ophthalmology and
Visual Science, May, 2002, 43.
Flitcroft, D.I., Quinn, G.E., Francis, E.L., Parekh, P., Schmid, G., Stone, R.A., Maguire, M. Digital signal analysis
of laser Doppler interferometry (LDI) waveform profiles: Increasing reliability and information content. Paper
presented to the Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Ft.
Lauderdale, FL., May, 2002, 43.
Hsu, J., Liu, G.T., Modestino, E.J., Miki, A., Francis, E.L., & Haselgrove, J.C., cortical correlate of stereopsis in
humans, an fMRI study. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 2001, 42, S401.
Liu, G.T., Bonhomme, G.R., Miki, A., Francis, E.,L., Modestino E.J., Aleman, D.O., Dobre, C., Raz, J., Hunter, J.,
Haselgrove, J.C. Decreased cortical activation in response to a motion stimulus in anisometropic amblyopic
eyes. North American Neuro-ophthalmology Society, Montreal Canada, March, 2000.
Bonhomme, G.R., Liu, G.T., Miki, A., Francis, E.L., Modestino, E.J., Aleman, D.O., Dobre, C., Raz, J., Hunter, J.,
Haselgrove, J.C. Decreased cortical activation in response to a motion stimulus in anisometropic amblyopic
eyes. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 2000, 41, S703.
Liu, G.T., Miki, A., goldsmith, Z.G., van Erp, T.B.M., Raz, J., Modestino, E.J., Bonhomme, G.R., Francis, E.L.,
Haselgrove, J.C. Ocular dominance histograms of visual cortex using functional MRI (fMRI). An alternative
method. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 2000, 41, S535.
Francis, E.L., Troilo, D., & Wildsoet, C. Time Course of Cycloplegia in Chicks: Relationship to Mydriasis and
Effect of Timolol. Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and
Ophthalmology, Ft. Lauderdale, FL., May, 1998.
Troilo, D., Francis, E.L., & Yi, G. The Temporal Characteristics of Eye Growth Control are Affected by Optic
Nerve Section. Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and
Ophthalmology, Ft. Lauderdale, FL., May, 1997.
Francis, E.L., & Thompson, T.C. Ocular Accommodation Varies with Visual vs. Auditory Attention. Paper
presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Ft.
Lauderdale, May, 1995.
Thompson, T.C., Francis, E.L., and O'Neill, P. Attentional Myopia: The Effect of Serial vs. Parallel Search Tasks
on the Accuracy of Accommodation. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Eastern Psychological
Association, Boston, April, 1995.
Francis, E.L. and McDonald, R. Vergence Eye Position Influences Both Visual and Auditory Perceived Distance
of Far Objects. Paper presented to the Seventh International Conference on Event Perception and Action,
Vancouver, August, 1993.
Francis, E.L., Manuel, C., and Jones, J. Vergence and Distance Perception at Long Distances. Paper
presented to the Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota,
FL, May, 1993.
Tyrrell, R.A., Thayer, J.F., Friedman, B.H., Leibowitz, H.W., & Francis, E.L. (1993). The ANS links oculomotor
and cardiovascular activity and suggests a mechanism for visually induced cardiovascular stress. Paper
presented to the 1993 Annual Meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society, Charleston, SC, March.
(Abstract published in Psychosomatic Medicine, 55, 109-110.
Francis, E.L., and Hickey, D.J. Writing-to-Learn Activities: Encouraging Acting to Enhance Perceiving (Some
not-so-new* ideas for increasing interactive classroom learning). Paper presented to the Twelfth Annual
Meeting of the International Society for Ecological Psychology, Lancaster, PA, October, 1992.
Tyrrell, R.A., Thayer, J.F., Friedman, B.H., Leibowitz, H.W., & Francis, E.L. A Link Between Autonomic
Innervations to the Oculomotor and Cardiovascular Systems. Paper presented to the Association for
Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, May, 1992.
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Francis, E.L., Owens, D.A., & Antonoff, R.J. Biological Motion and Pedestrian Safety in Night Traffic. Paper
presented to the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, May, 1992.
Owens, D.A., Haimes, J.D. & Francis, E.L. Adaptation of Tonic Accommodation in Children. Paper presented
to the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, April, 1991.
Francis, E.L. Permanent Suppression is Selective for Orientation Too. Paper presented to the Association for
Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, April, 1990.
Owens, D.A., Hahn, J.P., Francis, E.L. & Wist, E.R. Binocular Vergence and Perceived Object Velocity: A New
Illusion. Paper presented to the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, April,
1990.
Francis, E.L., Owens, D.A. & Jiang, B.-C. Binocular Vergence, Accommodation and the Theory of Action
Systems; The Effect of "Effort-to-see". Paper presented to the Fifth International Conference on Event
Perception and Action, Oxford, OH, July, 1989.
Owens, D.A., Harris, D., Owens, R.L. & Francis, E.L. Tonic accommodation and late-onset myopia: A
longitudinal investigation. Supplement to Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 1989, 29, 325.
Francis, E.L., Jiang, B.-C., Owens, D.A., Tyrrell, R.A. & Leibowitz, H.W. "Effort to see" affects vergence and
accommodation but not their interactions. Supplement to Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science,
1989, 29, 135.
Owens, D.A., Francis, E.L. & Leibowitz, H.W. Visibility distance with headlights: A functional approach. Paper
presented to the Society for Automotive Engineers, Detroit, February, 1989.
Campbell, J.B., Owens, D.A. & Francis, E.L. Personality, arousal, and resting state of the eye. Paper presented
to the Eastern Psychological Association, Buffalo, April, 1988.
Francis, E.L. & Owens, D.A. Oculomotor tonus and perception. Invited paper presented to the American
Academy of Optometry, Denver, December, 1987.
Mustillo, P., Francis, E., Oross, S., Fox, R., and Orban, G. The oblique effect in the hypercyclopean domain.
Supplement to Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 1987, 27, 295.
Oross, S., Francis, E.L., Mauk, D., & Fox, R. The Ames window illusion: Discrimination by infants. Supplement
to Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 1986, 27, 265.
Francis, E.L., and Fox, R. The effect of inducing contour orientation on permanent suppression. Supplement to
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 1986, 27, 347.
Francis, E.L., Patterson, R., and Fox, R. Interpolation of global stereoscopic forms by human infants.
Supplement to Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 1985, 26, 137.
Francis, E.L., Fox, R. and Patterson, R. Stereoanomaly: Dependence on method of testing. Supplement to
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 1984, 25, 294.
Fox, R., Patterson, R., and Francis, E.L. Stereoacuity in young children. Supplement to Investigative
Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 1984, 25, 220.
Mauk, D., Francis, E.L., and Fox, R. The selectivity of permanent suppression. Supplement to Investigative
Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 1984, 25, 294.
Francis, E.L., and Fox, R. The relationship between metacontrast masking and binocular rivalry. Supplement to
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 1983, 24, 96.
Fox, R., and Francis, E.L. The nonselectivity of rivalry suppression. Supplement to Investigative Ophthalmology
and Visual Science, 1981, 20, 224.
Fox, R., and Francis, E.L. Is binocular rivalry suppression nonselective? Paper presented to the Southeastern
Psychological Association, Atlanta, March, 1981.
Francis, E.L., and Owens, D.A. The accuracy of vergence for peripheral stimuli. Paper presented to the Topical
Meeting on Recent Advances in Vision of the Optical Society of America, Sarasota, May, 1980.
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