Core Java & Kotlin: Proficiency in object-oriented programming * Android SDK: Activities, Services, Broadcast Receivers, Content Providers * Data Structures & Algorithms: For responsive UI and memory-efficient design * Operating Systems: Memory management, threading, IPC * Networking: REST APIs, WebSockets * Version Control: Git and CI/CD basics * Basic UX/UI Design: Understanding human-machine interface (HMI) principles * Embedded Systems (Optional): Helpful for tighter hardware integration