INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

Submitted For the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the

Industrial Training

By

E.BACKIYASUNDARAM

P111157

ESS(Trainee)

**/**/**** ** **/12/2020

ON TRAINING UNDERGONE AT

MANALI PETROCHEMICALS LIMITED

MANALI, CHENNAI – 600 068

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT AND PROPYLENE OXIDE PLANT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to sincerely thank Mr. Joseph Ponkumar, Assistant General Manager, Plant II, Manali Petrochemicals Ltd for the encouragement he gave me during the course of Training. I also like to thank Mr. Sivaramakrishnan, Senior manager, Plant II, Manali Petrochemicals Limited for giving me the support during training. We express or sincere thanks to MrR.Sivasankaran DGM (Techincal Service)

I express my sincere thanks to all SHIFT INCHARGES in operation department who took care of me right from the beginning till the end of the training.

I thank all the officials of MPL and seniors in control room & field operators in plant who helped us in several ways and for bestowing their kindness on us.

INTRODUCTION

MANALI PETROCHEMICALS LIMITED

Manali Petrochemicals Limited (MPL) is a leader in the production and marketing of Propylene Oxide, Propylene Glycols and Polyols in India. Located at Manali in Chennai, India, MPL is engaged in the manufacture of the above Petrochemical products. The Company operates two grassroots production facilities known as MPL PLANT I and MPL PLANT II

MPL Plant-1 was incorporated in 11th June 1986 which was promoted by M/s.SPIC. The construction began in the year 1989 and the production commented in July 1990.

During the same time M/s UB Petro Products Ltd was established with production of same products. The company was overtaken by SPIC in 1995 and was renamed as M/s. Spic Organics Ltd and merged with MPL in the year 2000 which was further named as MPL Plant 2.

VISION

To transform from an indigenous industry pioneer into a global chemical solutions provider

MISSION

MPL is embarking on a global growth strategy to establish manufacturing facilities in Middle East, South East Asia, Western Europe and USA besides improving the efficiency of its Indian facilities. These facilities will work on innovative new technologies and create products which would cater to the needs of the respective geographies. MPL’s expansion plans are focused on augmenting its capabilities in product development and technology upgradation for catering to its global customer base

MPL PLANT 2

M/s. Press Industry provided the technology of Propylene oxide and Propylene glycol plants and their own technology for Polyol. The technology developed by R&D Centre in Plant -1 is currently used in Plant -2 for blending.

Polyols are used along with Isocyanate in the manufacture of Polyurethane, which is an engineering plastic requiring considerable amount of technical services.

PRODUCTS AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY:

PRODUCTS

PRODUCTION CAPACITY (MTPA)

Propylene Oxide

36000

Propylene Glycol

20000

Polyol

33000

Di chloropropane

7200

Di propylene Glycol

2320

Tri propylene Glycol

278

EFFLUENT TREATMENTENT PLANT

INTRODCTION

Effluent treatment plant is commonly known as ETP, Waste water treatment process it is used to treated waste water &to meet pollution board laid disposal guidelines norms.

ETP Involves waste water process for treating contamination in the forms organic and inorganic matters, heavy metal, oils, grease and suspended solids.

ETP Treatment methodology process is either batch and continuous flow type. The main purpose of effluent treatment plant process to protect the environment and to attain & reduce the impurities level below the local pollution control norms & desired treated water application

ETP Treatments types

Effluent treatment or waste water treatment are further categorized into chemical treatment, Biological treatment and combination of chemical & biological treatment

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

HIGH RATE THICKNER

The concept of speeding-up settling rates to reduce the size of conventional thickeners with an improvement in the efficiency of flocculating agents

Flocculation: The process by which fine particulates are caused to clump together into a flocculant.

Coagulation: The action or process of a liquid, especially blood, changing to a solid or semi-solid state

HRT GENERAL DATA

Feed Material

Calcium Silica

Solids Feed Rate

0.5 TPH

Slurry S.G

1.0005

Slurry Rate

167 m3/h

Diameter

13 M

SPENT LIME DATA

•HRT Feed Composition at 100 % PO Load (2600 Kg/ Hour of Chlorine)

H20

90830

(CH3H6CL)2O

69.4

NaCl

27.7

Ca(OH)2

243.8

CaCl2

3675.4

Mg (OH)2

31.3

CaCl3

108

Na2Co3

70.4

Flocculant Specification

Product

Electro floc – 6050

Appearance

White

Form

Powder

Flocculation And Coagulation:

•The object of coagulation is to alter these particles in such a way as to allow them to adhere to each other.

•Most colloids of interest in water treatment remain suspended in solution because they have a net negative surface charge that causes the particles to repel each other.

•The intended action of the coagulant is to neutralise that charge, allowing the particles to come together to form larger particles that can be more easily removed from the raw water.

•Usual coagulant is alum [Al2(SO4)2•18H2O],

•FeCl3, FeSO4 and other coagulants such as polyelectrolytes can be used.

•Alum when added to water, the aluminium in this salt hydrolyses by reactions that consume alkalinity in the water such as:

[ Al(H2O6) ]3+ + 3HCO- Al(OH)3 (s) + 3CO2+6H2O

•The gelatinous hydroxide thus formed carries suspended material with it as it settles.

•The synthetic flocculants are based on poly acrylamide, water soluble polymers of medium to high molecular weight having a high affinity for solid surfaces.

•Flocculants are absorbed on the surface of suspended particles of aqueous media, which neutralizes the surface electric charge of solids, thus cross linking many particles to form the large particles group called “floc” Which can be easily separated from slurry.

POSSIBLE CAUSES

1.HIGH TORQUE = OVER FLOCCULATED.

2.LOW TORQUE = NO SOLIDS IN THICKNER.

3.LOW TORQUE = UNDER FLOCCULATED.

OBJECTIVE:

Prime objective is to get clear overflow and thick under flow

ROTARY DRUM VACCUM FILTER

ROTARY DRUM VACUUM FILTER. Feed from high rate thickener bottom. It is used to solid liquid separation process by used liquid ring vacuum pump. based on settling rate adjusted VFD

LIQIUID RING VACCUM PUMP

Speed : 600 rpm

Capacity : 55m3/min

Vacuum : 500mm Hg

Seal water flow: 70-200 l/min

Seal water pressure: 0.5 – 0.8 kg/cm2

PRIMARY CLARIFIER

A Circular tank in which wastewater is held for a time to allow heavier solids to settle to the bottom sludge and lighter material float the surface

Clarifiers are settling tanks built with mechanical means for continuous removal of solids being deposited by sedimentation.

A clarifier is generally used to remove solid particulates or suspended solids from liquid for clarification and thickening

Coagulant 15-20 litres per shift need to be added to boost sedimentation rate

COOLING TOWER

Reduces the feed Temperature from 63 to 34 degree C

A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature

•Approach is the temperature of the water leaving the cooling tower (in this case, 85 F nominal) minus the ambient web bulb temperature (78 F wet bulb) or 7 F. This value represents how close the cooling tower gets the water to the wet bulb temperature of the surrounding air

•Range: Cooling towers use the evaporation to cool the circulated water. They can achieve water temperatures below the dry bulb temperature of the cooling air but not the wet bulb temperature. The temperature difference between inlet and outlet water

RECOVERY PIT/ET1 A/B

•Waste water from PO/PG/PY and offsite.

•-All Plants storm water drain

•-Exhaust solution from WAD.

•-Waste water Generated from utility (DM Plant & Boiler)

•-HRT Overflow during plant start up.

• The clear water from this pit is pumped to HRT.

AERATION TANK

Aeration is the process by which air is circulated through mixed with the dissolved in a liquid.

Further reduction in feed Temperature based on requirement is

carried out

•It allows suspended particles to settle out of wastewater as it flows slowly through the tank, thereby providing some degree of purification.

PHYSICAL METHODS

Sedimentation (Clarification)

Screening

Aeration

Filtration

Flotation and Skimming

Degasification

Equalization

CHEMICAL METHODS

Chlorination

Ozonation

Neutralization

Coagulation

Adsorption

Ion Exchange

BIOLOGICAL TREAMENT

Aerobic

Activated Sludge Treatment Methods

Trickling Filtration

Oxidation Ponds

Lagoons

Aerobic Digestion

Anaerobic

Anaerobic Digestion

Septic Tanks

Lagoons

•The basic units in biological treatment are: screening; an equalization unit; a pH control unit; an aeration unit; and a settling unit.

•The purpose of biological treatment is BOD and COD reduction.

•Typically, wastewater enters the treatment plant with a BOD higher than 200 mg/L, but primary settling has already reduced it to about 150 mg/L by the time it enters the biological component of the system.

•It needs to exit with a BOD content no higher than about 20-30 mg/L, so that after dilution in the nearby receiving water body (river, lake the BOD is less than 2-3 mg/L.

•Thus, the biological treatment needs to accomplish a 6-fold decrease in BOD.

PRINICPLE

Simple bacteria (cells) eat the organic material present in the wastewater.

Through their metabolism, the organic material is transformed into cellular mass, which is no longer in solution but can be precipitated at the bottom of a settling tank or retained as slime on solid surfaces or vegetation in the system.

The water exiting the system is then much clearer than it entered it.

A key factor is the operation of any biological system is an adequate supply of oxygen.

Indeed, cells need not only organic material as food but also oxygen to breathe, just like humans.

Without an adequate supply of oxygen, the biological degradation of the waste is slowed down, thereby requiring a longer residency time of the water in the system.

For a given flow rate of water to be treated, this translates into a system with a larger volume and thus taking more space.

ACTIVATED SLUDGE

In the first, air is pumped through perforated pipes at the bottom of the basin, air rises through the water in the form of many small bubbles.

•These bubbles accomplish two things: they provide oxygen form the air to the water and create highly turbulent conditions that favour intimate contact between cells, the organic material in the water and oxygen.

•The second basin is a settling tank, where water flow is made to be very quiet so that the cellular material may be removed by gravitational settling.

•Some of the cell material collected at the bottom is captured and fed back into the first basin to seed the process.

•The rest is treated anaerobically (= without oxygen) until it is transformed into a compost-type material (like soil).

•The cost of an activated-sludge system is chiefly due to the energy required to pump air at high pressure at the bottom of the aerator tank (to overcome the hydrostatic pressure of the water).

•Biological treatment is an important and integral part of any wastewater treatment plant.

•Biological treatment is the use of bacteria and other microorganisms to remove contaminants by assimilating them has long been a mainstay of wastewater treatment in the chemical process industries (CPI).

•Biological treatment using aerobic activated sludge process has been in practice for well over a century

•aerobic treatment processes take place in the presence of air and utilize those microorganisms (also called aerobes), which use molecular/free oxygen to assimilate organic impurities i.e. convert them in to carbon dioxide, water and biomass.

•The anaerobic treatment processes, on other hand take place in the absence of air (and thus molecular/free oxygen) by those microorganisms (also called anaerobes) which do not require air (molecular/free oxygen) to assimilate organic impurities.

•The final products of organic assimilation in anaerobic treatment are methane and carbon dioxide gas and biomass.

BIO REACTOR FEED SPECIFICATION

COD : 1200 -2200ppm

BOD : Max. 800ppm

pH: 9.5-11.8

TSS: 100-200 ppm

TDS : 35000 - 40000

Conductivity: 60000 - 70000

Temp 30-38 C

BIOREACTOR CONDITION

Temp : 28-42 C

pH :6-8.5

DO : 0.5-4 ppm

SV : 30

Physical condition (Foaming Observation and odour)

Sludge Volume Index (SVI) is used to describe the settling characteristics of sludge in the aeration tank in Activated Sludge Process. ... It is defined as 'the volume (in mL) occupied by 1 gram of activated sludge after settling the aerated liquid for 30 minutes'.

SVI = 100 to 200 mL/g. Most activated sludge plants seem to produce a clear, good-quality effluent with an SVI in this range. The sludge typically settles more slowly and traps more particulate matter as it forms a uniform blanket before settling

C:N:P ration 100:5:1 Nutrients

Nitrate : Urea, Liquid Ammonia, Ammonium Chloride and

Phosphorus: DAP and Phosphoric acid

Carbon: Sugar

CULTURE

Bionil

Nitrofine

hydropic

Sugar

Phosphoric acid

Urea

Ferric chloride

1.Cow Dung Preparation

2.Activated sewage sludge

3.Culture Preparation

4.Bio Reactor Preparation

-Fill Bio Reactor with effluent (PH 7.5 to 8.5)

-Check jet aerators and blowers condition

-Check Secondary clarifier with Bio Reactor overflow.

-Check secondary clarifier bottom pump by establishing re circulations.

-Check intiate PH, conductivity, TDS, TSS and COD.

•-DO should be maintaining in between 2 to 3ppm.

•-Charge Biomass 5 tons per batches up to achieve the sludge volume by 20 to 30 %

•-After achieving this volume add culture bio-nil 500 kgs per day for 3 days.

•- Sugar is added as a nutrient 50kg per shift. Based on biological activity it will be increased.

•Check COD and PH. Maintain PH around 6.5 by adding lime water.

•Once COD stabilized between 300 – 350 PPM lined up minimum feed (20 – 30 m3)

CULTURE PREPARATION

•Check air distribution and spargers freeness

•Fill fresh water up to 50% and start blower and establish circulation.

•Maintain DO between 2.0 to 5.0 PPM

•Add Fresh Cow dung

•Add required qty of culture by dissolving in fresh water.

•Add Nutrients like molasses or sugar for fresh born bacteria.

•After the incubation period of the culture slowly add the raw effluent.

•Once the bacteria matured transfer to the bio-reactor based on need.

SECONDARY CLARIFIER.

•Based on overflow clarity, coagulant dosing varied to accelerate the settling rate.

•According to the secondary bottom bed level/Concentration, Recycle flow to bio reactor varied using VFD.

•Check the outlet sample of the clarifier whether it meets the PCB norms

OUTPUT QUALITY OF TREAMENT WATER.

•a properly designed biological ETP can efficiently satisfy COD, BOD, pH, TSS requirements.

•TSS < 100ppm

•Temp. < 42 C

•BOD <100 ppm

•COD <250 ppm

•pH : 5.5-8.5

TAG NO

MOTOR

(KW)

TAG NO

MOTOR

(KW)

X9401

3.7

E 9506 C

30

S9401

1.1

PC9703 A/B

30

PD9402A

1.1

PC 9357 A

37

PD9402 B

0.18

PC9357 B

45

PC9402 A

7.5

PC9356 A/B

7.5

PC9402 B

5.5

PC9356 C/D

7.5

X9601 A

0.7

SA9605 A/B/C

18.5

X9501 A

2.2

JA 9351 A/B

45

X9501 B

1.5

JA 9351 C/D

45

X9502 A

1.5

JA 9351 E

45

X9502 B

2.2

X 9351 A/B

18

PC9501 A/B

5.5

X 9351 C/D

18

PAL9501A/ B

90

X 9351 E

18

PC9403 A

5.5

PC 9301 A

45

PC9503 A

5.5

PC 9301 B

37

PC 9503 B

5.5

PC 9301 C

37

AG 9503

7.5

PC 9301 D

15

X9404

1.1

ET1A/B

7.5

PC 9404

5.5

PC9505

7.5

PC9506 A/B

7.5

CULUTRE

7.5

E 9506 A/B

7.5

RECOVERY

5.5

PROPYLENE OXIDE PLANT

INTRODUTION

Propylene oxide is an organic compound. It is a colourless volatile liquid with ether odour. Its Application is its use in Polyether polyol for making PU plastics.

It is produced by following methods

Hydro chlorination method

Silver based catalyst

Hydrogen peroxide

Direct oxidation method

RAW MATERIAL

The raw materials required for production of propylene oxide

• Propylene

• Chlorine

• Lime

• Water.

PROPYLENE

Propylene is a colourless gas with a faint petroleum like odour. It is shipped as a liquefied gas under its own vapour pressure. Contact with the liquid can cause frostbite. It is easily ignited. The vapours are heavier than air.

Any leak can either be liquid or vapour Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. It is used to make other chemicals. Can cause explosion.

Propylene, Propene, 1-Propene, Methylethylene, Methylethene are the chemical names

C3H6 or CH2CHCH3 or CH3CHCH2 is the molecular formula

PHYICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Molecular Weight (lb/mol)

42.08

Critical Temp. ( F)

197.5

Critical Pressure (psia)

666.3

Boiling Point ( C)

-47

Melting Point ( C)

-185

Flash Point ( C)

-35

Auto ignition temp( C) 485

Density

1.45

Gas Density @ 70 F 1 atm (lb/ft3)

0.1105

Specific Volume @ 70 F 1 atm (ft3/lb)

9.05

Specific Gravity

1.501

Specific Heat of Liq. @ 20 C (cal/gm C)

0.514

Specific Heat of vapour. @ 20 C (cal/gm C)

0.514

Threshold Limit 23 ppm

Color colorless

Odor Faint petroleum

CHLORINE

Chlorine is a chemical element, one of roughly 90 basic building blocks of matter. Naturally chemically reactive, chlorine’s tendency to combine with other elements and compounds has been used to produce thousands of essential products, ranging from drinking water disinfectants to solar energy panels

Chlorine is a chemical element with the symbol Cl2 and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them.

Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity on the Pauling scale, behind only oxygen and fluorine.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical state : Gas or liquid

Color : Greenish Yellow

Odor : Pungent

Taste : Bitter

Corrosivity : Corrosive

Water solubility : Slightly soluble

Boiling point : -34.5oC

Melting point : -100.98oC (1 atm)

Specific gravity : 1.4 at 20oC

Threshold limit : 1PPM (3mg/m3)

MILK OF LIME

Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called slaked lime, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH) . It is a colorless crystal or white powder and is obtained when calcium oxide is mixed, or "slaked" with water.

Calcium oxide reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide.

CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Molecular weight 74g/m

Appearance White

Melting point oC 580

Odor Odor less

Density 2.2g/cm2

WATER

Types of water which used in our plant

Metro water

KGR water

Based on our study Metro water is found to be more reactive than other types of water. Ph range and conductivity maintained.

PROPYLENE OXIDE

Propylene Oxide is a synthetic, highly-flammable, volatile, colourless liquid that is soluble in water and miscible with many organic solvents with the molecular formula CH3CHCH2O.

Propylene oxide is used primarily as a chemical intermediate in the production of polyether's and propylene glycol. It is also used as a pesticide and a fumigant for the sterilization of packaged foods and plastic medical instruments.

CH3CHCH2O is the molecular formula.

Propylene oxide; 2-Methyloxirane; 1,2-Epoxypropane; Methyl oxirane are some of the chemical names.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIE

Molecular weight : 58g/m

Melting point : -112 C

Boiling point : 34.2 C

Density : 0.83 g/ml at 25 C

Flash point : −35 F

solubility : 425 - 450g/l

Physical state : Liquid

Colour : Colour less

Odour : Benzene

Freezing Point : -111.13

DICHLOROPROPYLENE

1,2-Dichloropropane is produced by chlorination of propylene. The largest volume currently produced is as a co-product during the production of propylene oxide via the chlorohydrin process.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Molecular weight : 110 g/m

Boiling point : 96 C

Melting point : -101 C

Density : 1.15g/cm2

Flash point : 21 C

Colour : colourless

Physical state : liquid

PROCESS DESCRIPTION

Propylene oxide obtained by sponifier of the propylene chlorohydrin with lime then recovery by distillation this production way is particularly well suited to small and medium size unit. The process is carried out in the following stages .

Chlorohydrin

Saponification

Purification PO

REACTIONS

HOCL REACTION

Cl2 H2O HOCl + HCL

PCH Reaction

C3H6 + HOCL C3 H6(OH)Cl

DCP Reaction

C3H6+ Cl2 CH3 CHCLCH2CL

DCIPE Reaction

C3H6 + HOCL

+ C3 H6(OH)Cl

C3H6Cl2 O

+H2O

HCl Reaction

2 HCl+ Ca (OH) 2 CaCl2+ H2O

PO Reaction

2 C3H6(OH)Cl

+ Ca(OH)2

CaCl2

+ 2 C3H6O

+ 2 H2O

CHLOROHYDRIN PRODUCTION

The reaction slightly exothermic and takes place in aqueous solution. Cholrine is dissolved in water and gives hypochlorous acid. The propylene reaction with hypochlorous that gives chlorohydrin.

Direct contact between propylene and chlorine in gaseous phase product essentially DCP So it is important of perform cholrine total dissolution before propylene injection

At temperature over 45 to degree the chlorohydrin yield is decreasing and by product yield is increasing. In practice the reactor temperature kept 56 to 60degree.

SAPONIFICATION OF CHLOROHYDRIN

Propylene chlorohydrin is saponified with milk of lime

Sufficient alkali must be added to the saponifer to neutralize the hydrochloric acid formed in the chlorohydrin reactor and also hydrolyze the chlorohydrin acid formed chlorohydrin reactor to propylene oxide.

Milk of milk introduced to the to the chlorohydrin solution upstream of the saponifer to ensure the good mixing with stactic mixer an excess lime maintained so that the hydroxyions remain constant throughout the course of the reaction

PURIFICATION OF PROPYLENE OXIDE

Propylene oxide extracted from the saponifer contains water & DCP. Water is completed removed by means of condensing before the feed enters the distillation column

Propylene oxide is recovery at the top column is around 55deg The chlorinated compounds are extracted at the bottom of the column The condensate from the top of the condenser is sent to column total reflux. Po is cooled in a heat exchanger and fed to propylene oxide day tank

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

‘

K101 INTERLOCK

Low pressure switch

High pressure switch

Propylene low flow

Wetting water low flow

Seal water low flow

High amps trip

REDUCING THE REACTION AND THEIR RECOVERY

Di chloropropane (DCP) Which is formed in the reactor as the by product can be reduced by increasing the purity of raw material used (propylene), and even the presence can be recovered at the reactor outlet itself by introducing the absorber in the outlet of the reactor where DCP is absorbed using the NaOH and later it is decanted and separated out stored

TITRATION CARBONATES AND BICARBONES

When titrating carbonates, which are weak acids, we typically use strong acids. There are two steps to this reaction, say we are titrating sodium carbonate against hydrochloric acid.

Step 1: NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H2O

Step 2: Na2CO3 + HCl -> NaHCO3 + NaCl

Step 3: NaHCO3 + HCl -> NaCl + CO2 (g) + H2O

Thus, the overall titration reaction is given as:

Na_2CO3 + 2HCl -> 2 NaCl + CO2 + H2O

When we use something like phenolphthalein as the end-point indicator, the colour change corresponds to the first reaction. That is, it will indicate the formation of bicarbonates.

Methyl orange, on the other hand, is the perfect indicator for this scenario as it will change colour corresponding to the completion of the overall reaction.

We can also argue that the end point (for the overall reaction) is at a pH of about 3.5-4, which is more conducive to methyl orange than other indicators.

USES OF PROPYLENE OXIDE

The polyurethane industry is the largest consumer of propylene oxide. It utilizes polyether polyols made by reacting propylene oxide alone or in combination with other alkaline oxides. The most common initiators are polyols or polyamines such as glycerin, glycols, pentaerythritol, ethylenediamine, toluene diamine, Sucrose, Sorbitol, Tri-alkane amines, . Polyether polyols are reacted with various di isocyanates to form polyurethane foams and resins.

The second largest use of propylene oxide is the production of propylene glycol and lesser amounts of co-produced di-propylene glycol and higher propylene glycols. These glycols are used in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins, solvents, antifreeze, humectants and plasticizers.

Propylene oxide is also used to manufacture functional fluids by reaction of propylene oxide or mixtures of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide with glycols, glycerine, alcohols and phenols. The types of functional fluids produced include heat transfer fluids, hydraulic fluids and lubricants.

Other propylene oxide derivatives include block copolymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide which have been found to be efficient and versatile surfactants. Propylene oxide-based surfactants can also be produced by the Propoxylation of various alcohols. The water solubility of propylene glycols below a molecular weight of 800 makes propylene oxide especially useful in these applications

MOTOR DETAILS.

TAG NO

(KW)

PC101A/B

22

PC102A/B

2.2

PC103 A

37

PC103 B

30

PC104A

2.20

PC104B

0.7

PC106A/B

3.70

PC 108A/B

0.75

PC109A/B

3.70

P118A/B

7.5

PC1403A/B

5.50

PC1407

3.70

PC1410

3.70

PD1401A

0.35

PD1401B

0.75

AG1401

2-20

K101

90

PD1101

1.1

COPIT PMP

11

PC1502

1.1

INSTRMENTATION AND PROCESS CONTROL

In the manufacture of propylene oxide process, for important parameters are kept in monitoring throughout the process. The Parameters are as follows

Temperature

Pressure

Flow

Level

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

An RTD (resistance temperature detector) is a temperature sensor that operates on the measurement principle that a material electrical resistance changes with the temperature is highly predictable, allowing for accurate and consistent temperature measurement by supplying an RTD with a constant current and measuring the resulting voltage drop across the resistor, the RTD resistance can be calculated and the temperature can be determined

PRESSURE MEASUREMENT

A pressure transmitter is a pressure sensor with the signal processing circuit so the pressure is transmitted as an electrical analogue of the pressure this might 4-20 m A current loop signal where the current in m A is related to the pressure The typical pressure sensor uses a diaphragm to convert to pressure (units of force per unit area) to a force, which moves the diaphragm against a restoring force such as a spring bellows or even electricity controlled force balance .

Usually the diaphragm has a reference pressure on side so it actually measures the difference in pressure. this can be the atmosphere for gauge sensor a vacuum for absolute pressure or second port for differential sensor.

FLOW MEASUREMENT

A magnetic flow meter is a volumetric which does not have any moving parts and ideal for wastewater application or any dirty liquid which is conductive or water based magnetic flow meter will generally not working with hydrocarbon distilled water and may non aqueous solution it also ideal for application where low pressure drop and low maintenance are required.

LEVEL MEASUREMENT

Level Can be measured by two methods in process one by direct method and another indirect method. Direct measurement are carried over on non hazardous material using level gauge, view glass, dip tape measurements. Indirect measurements are carried over on hazardous materials, toxic material, pressurized vessels by level transmitter, radar type measurements etc.

PROCESS SAFETY

According Emergency planning to the Emergency planning riding to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the chemical industry in the U.S. has one of the best safety records of any industrial sector. To maintain—and even improve—this superior safety record, it is very important that chemical manufacturers and processors establish an effective, well-developed plan to ensure quick and effective response to emergencies. Emergency planning should consider all aspects of emergency situations, including not only those that may occur on-site, but also incidents that may occur en route to the site, in the surrounding community, or in the community at large. This section describes a process for emergency planning and provides specific information about spills, fire-fighting, and associated waste disposal. Plans should be developed with the assistance of local fire fighters and other emergency response personnel.

Plant Development

Many organizations have published comprehensive guidance on developing crisis management plans. For example, OSHA has developed a booklet called How to Plan for Workplace Emergencies and Evacuations.

The discussion presented here is not all-encompassing; rather, general principles important for propylene oxide users to consider are discussed. One of the first steps in developing a crisis management plan is to define various potential crisis scenarios as they are related to planning, preparation, mobilization, response, recovery, and post-incident follow-up.

The process should be comprehensive and consider all

Contact this candidate